Use of Frogs as a Model to Study the Etiology of HLHS
A frog is a classical model organism used to uncover processes and regulations of early vertebrate development, including heart development. Recently, we showed that a frog also represents a useful model to study a rare human congenital heart disease, hypoplastic left heart syndrome. In this review,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/10/2/51 |
| _version_ | 1797620299428003840 |
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| author | Shuyi Nie |
| author_facet | Shuyi Nie |
| author_sort | Shuyi Nie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A frog is a classical model organism used to uncover processes and regulations of early vertebrate development, including heart development. Recently, we showed that a frog also represents a useful model to study a rare human congenital heart disease, hypoplastic left heart syndrome. In this review, we first summarized the cellular events and molecular regulations of vertebrate heart development, and the benefit of using a frog model to study congenital heart diseases. Next, we described the challenges in elucidating the etiology of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and discussed how a frog model may contribute to our understanding of the molecular and cellular bases of the disease. We concluded that a frog model offers its unique advantage in uncovering the cellular mechanisms of hypoplastic left heart syndrome; however, combining multiple model organisms, including frogs, is needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:39:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ec11a2bdaf874e02b3ac2e73f2bff7e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2308-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:39:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec11a2bdaf874e02b3ac2e73f2bff7e62023-11-16T21:16:21ZengMDPI AGJournal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease2308-34252023-01-011025110.3390/jcdd10020051Use of Frogs as a Model to Study the Etiology of HLHSShuyi Nie0School of Biological Sciences, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USAA frog is a classical model organism used to uncover processes and regulations of early vertebrate development, including heart development. Recently, we showed that a frog also represents a useful model to study a rare human congenital heart disease, hypoplastic left heart syndrome. In this review, we first summarized the cellular events and molecular regulations of vertebrate heart development, and the benefit of using a frog model to study congenital heart diseases. Next, we described the challenges in elucidating the etiology of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and discussed how a frog model may contribute to our understanding of the molecular and cellular bases of the disease. We concluded that a frog model offers its unique advantage in uncovering the cellular mechanisms of hypoplastic left heart syndrome; however, combining multiple model organisms, including frogs, is needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/10/2/51frogcongenital heart diseasehypoplastic left heart syndrome |
| spellingShingle | Shuyi Nie Use of Frogs as a Model to Study the Etiology of HLHS Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease frog congenital heart disease hypoplastic left heart syndrome |
| title | Use of Frogs as a Model to Study the Etiology of HLHS |
| title_full | Use of Frogs as a Model to Study the Etiology of HLHS |
| title_fullStr | Use of Frogs as a Model to Study the Etiology of HLHS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of Frogs as a Model to Study the Etiology of HLHS |
| title_short | Use of Frogs as a Model to Study the Etiology of HLHS |
| title_sort | use of frogs as a model to study the etiology of hlhs |
| topic | frog congenital heart disease hypoplastic left heart syndrome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/10/2/51 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shuyinie useoffrogsasamodeltostudytheetiologyofhlhs |