A decade of experience with rotavirus vaccination in the United States – vaccine uptake, effectiveness, and impact
Introduction: Prior to 2006, nearly every U.S. child was infected with rotavirus by 5 years of age, and rotavirus was the leading cause of severe childhood gastroenteritis. In February 2006 and June 2008, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended a live attenuated pentavalent rota...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2018-07-01
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| Series: | Expert Review of Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2018.1489724 |
| Summary: | Introduction: Prior to 2006, nearly every U.S. child was infected with rotavirus by 5 years of age, and rotavirus was the leading cause of severe childhood gastroenteritis. In February 2006 and June 2008, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended a live attenuated pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) and a monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1), respectively, for routine vaccination of infants in the United States. Areas covered: We reviewed U.S. data on coverage, vaccine effectiveness (VE), and vaccine impact from 2006 to 2017. National rotavirus vaccine coverage estimates increased since vaccine introduction but plateaued at 71–75% in 2013–2015, a level 15–20% lower than that of other routine childhood vaccines. Pooled VE of full series RV5 and RV1 against rotavirus-associated hospitalizations and emergency department visits were 84% (95% CI: 80–87%) and 83% (95% CI: 72–89%), respectively. Vaccine introduction resulted in a median decline in rotavirus-associated hospitalizations and emergency department visits of 80% and 57%, respectively, along with indirect protection of unvaccinated age groups and a decrease in health-care costs. A biennial pattern in rotavirus detection emerged post-vaccine implementation. Expert Commentary: The increasing use of rotavirus vaccines has substantially diminished the burden and changed the epidemiology of rotavirus disease in U.S. children; efforts to increase rotavirus vaccine coverage should continue. |
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| ISSN: | 1476-0584 1744-8395 |