Synthesis of Carvedilol–Organotin Complexes and Their Effects on Reducing Photodegradation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) undergoes photodegradation induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation; therefore, for outdoor applications, its photostability should be enhanced through the use of additives. Several carvedilol tin complexes were synthesized, characterized and mixed with PVC to produce thin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/4/500 |
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| author | Omar G. Mousa Gamal A. El‐Hiti Mohammed A. Baashen Muna Bufaroosha Ahmed Ahmed Ahmed A. Ahmed Dina S. Ahmed Emad Yousif |
| author_facet | Omar G. Mousa Gamal A. El‐Hiti Mohammed A. Baashen Muna Bufaroosha Ahmed Ahmed Ahmed A. Ahmed Dina S. Ahmed Emad Yousif |
| author_sort | Omar G. Mousa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) undergoes photodegradation induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation; therefore, for outdoor applications, its photostability should be enhanced through the use of additives. Several carvedilol tin complexes were synthesized, characterized and mixed with PVC to produce thin films. These films were irradiated at 25 °C with a UV light (λ = 313 nm) for up to 300 h. The reduction in weight and changes in chemical structure and surface morphology of the PVC films were monitored. The films containing synthesized complexes showed less undesirable changes than the pure PVC film. Organotin with a high content of aromatics was particularly efficient in inhibiting photodegradation of PVC. The carvedilol tin complexes both absorbed UV light and scavenged radicals, hydrochloride, and peroxides and, therefore, photostabilized PVC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:23:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ec1b373337424b4f9fb454507a163599 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:23:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec1b373337424b4f9fb454507a1635992023-12-03T12:39:03ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-02-0113450010.3390/polym13040500Synthesis of Carvedilol–Organotin Complexes and Their Effects on Reducing Photodegradation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)Omar G. Mousa0Gamal A. El‐Hiti1Mohammed A. Baashen2Muna Bufaroosha3Ahmed Ahmed4Ahmed A. Ahmed5Dina S. Ahmed6Emad Yousif7Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, IraqCornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Dawadmi 11911, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain 1818, United Arab EmiratesPolymer Research Unit, College of Science, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, IraqDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, IraqDepartment of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad 10067, IraqDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, IraqPoly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) undergoes photodegradation induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation; therefore, for outdoor applications, its photostability should be enhanced through the use of additives. Several carvedilol tin complexes were synthesized, characterized and mixed with PVC to produce thin films. These films were irradiated at 25 °C with a UV light (λ = 313 nm) for up to 300 h. The reduction in weight and changes in chemical structure and surface morphology of the PVC films were monitored. The films containing synthesized complexes showed less undesirable changes than the pure PVC film. Organotin with a high content of aromatics was particularly efficient in inhibiting photodegradation of PVC. The carvedilol tin complexes both absorbed UV light and scavenged radicals, hydrochloride, and peroxides and, therefore, photostabilized PVC.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/4/500carvedilol–tin complexespoly(vinyl chloride)photostabilizerssurface morphologyweight lossfunctional group indices |
| spellingShingle | Omar G. Mousa Gamal A. El‐Hiti Mohammed A. Baashen Muna Bufaroosha Ahmed Ahmed Ahmed A. Ahmed Dina S. Ahmed Emad Yousif Synthesis of Carvedilol–Organotin Complexes and Their Effects on Reducing Photodegradation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Polymers carvedilol–tin complexes poly(vinyl chloride) photostabilizers surface morphology weight loss functional group indices |
| title | Synthesis of Carvedilol–Organotin Complexes and Their Effects on Reducing Photodegradation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) |
| title_full | Synthesis of Carvedilol–Organotin Complexes and Their Effects on Reducing Photodegradation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of Carvedilol–Organotin Complexes and Their Effects on Reducing Photodegradation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of Carvedilol–Organotin Complexes and Their Effects on Reducing Photodegradation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) |
| title_short | Synthesis of Carvedilol–Organotin Complexes and Their Effects on Reducing Photodegradation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) |
| title_sort | synthesis of carvedilol organotin complexes and their effects on reducing photodegradation of poly vinyl chloride |
| topic | carvedilol–tin complexes poly(vinyl chloride) photostabilizers surface morphology weight loss functional group indices |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/4/500 |
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