Effects of Particle Size on the Dielectric, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Recycled Borosilicate Glass-Filled PTFE Microwave Substrates
Low dielectric loss and low-cost recycled borosilicate (BRS) glass-reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites were fabricated for microwave substrate applications. The composites were prepared through a dry powder processing technique by dispersing different micron sizes (25 µm, 45 µm, 63...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/15/2449 |
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| author | Ibrahim Abubakar Alhaji Zulkifly Abbas Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid Ahmad Mamoun Khamis |
| author_facet | Ibrahim Abubakar Alhaji Zulkifly Abbas Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid Ahmad Mamoun Khamis |
| author_sort | Ibrahim Abubakar Alhaji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Low dielectric loss and low-cost recycled borosilicate (BRS) glass-reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites were fabricated for microwave substrate applications. The composites were prepared through a dry powder processing technique by dispersing different micron sizes (25 µm, 45 µm, 63 µm, 90 µm, and 106 µm) of the recycled BRS filler in the PTFE matrix. The effect of the filler sizes on the composites’ thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties was studied. The dielectric properties of the composites were characterised in the frequency range of 1–12 GHz using an open-ended coaxial probe (OCP) connected to a vector network analyser (VNA). XRD patterns confirmed the phase formation of PTFE and recycled BRS glass. The scanning electron microscope also showed good filler dispersion at larger filler particle sizes. In addition, the composites’ coefficient of thermal expansion and tensile strength decreased from 12.93 MPa and 64.86 ppm/°C to 7.12 MPa and 55.77 ppm/°C when the filler size is reduced from 106 μm to 25 μm. However, moisture absorption and density of the composites increased from 0.01% and 2.17 g/cm<sup>3</sup> to 0.04% and 2.21 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The decrement in filler size from 106 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m to 25 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m also increased the mean dielectric constant and loss tangent of the composites from 2.07 and 0.0010 to 2.18 and 0.0011, respectively, while it reduced the mean signal transmission speed from 2.088 × 10<sup>8</sup> m/s to 2.031 × 10<sup>8</sup> m/s. The presented results showed that PTFE/recycled BRS composite exhibited comparable characteristics with commercial high-frequency laminates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:10:38Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:10:38Z |
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| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec3c8fae5e274f41a7804156d732d5e42023-11-22T06:03:05ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-07-011315244910.3390/polym13152449Effects of Particle Size on the Dielectric, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Recycled Borosilicate Glass-Filled PTFE Microwave SubstratesIbrahim Abubakar Alhaji0Zulkifly Abbas1Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid2Ahmad Mamoun Khamis3Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaLow dielectric loss and low-cost recycled borosilicate (BRS) glass-reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites were fabricated for microwave substrate applications. The composites were prepared through a dry powder processing technique by dispersing different micron sizes (25 µm, 45 µm, 63 µm, 90 µm, and 106 µm) of the recycled BRS filler in the PTFE matrix. The effect of the filler sizes on the composites’ thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties was studied. The dielectric properties of the composites were characterised in the frequency range of 1–12 GHz using an open-ended coaxial probe (OCP) connected to a vector network analyser (VNA). XRD patterns confirmed the phase formation of PTFE and recycled BRS glass. The scanning electron microscope also showed good filler dispersion at larger filler particle sizes. In addition, the composites’ coefficient of thermal expansion and tensile strength decreased from 12.93 MPa and 64.86 ppm/°C to 7.12 MPa and 55.77 ppm/°C when the filler size is reduced from 106 μm to 25 μm. However, moisture absorption and density of the composites increased from 0.01% and 2.17 g/cm<sup>3</sup> to 0.04% and 2.21 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The decrement in filler size from 106 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m to 25 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m also increased the mean dielectric constant and loss tangent of the composites from 2.07 and 0.0010 to 2.18 and 0.0011, respectively, while it reduced the mean signal transmission speed from 2.088 × 10<sup>8</sup> m/s to 2.031 × 10<sup>8</sup> m/s. The presented results showed that PTFE/recycled BRS composite exhibited comparable characteristics with commercial high-frequency laminates.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/15/2449recycled borosilicatePTFEsinteringpermittivityhigh-frequencysubstrates |
| spellingShingle | Ibrahim Abubakar Alhaji Zulkifly Abbas Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid Ahmad Mamoun Khamis Effects of Particle Size on the Dielectric, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Recycled Borosilicate Glass-Filled PTFE Microwave Substrates Polymers recycled borosilicate PTFE sintering permittivity high-frequency substrates |
| title | Effects of Particle Size on the Dielectric, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Recycled Borosilicate Glass-Filled PTFE Microwave Substrates |
| title_full | Effects of Particle Size on the Dielectric, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Recycled Borosilicate Glass-Filled PTFE Microwave Substrates |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Particle Size on the Dielectric, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Recycled Borosilicate Glass-Filled PTFE Microwave Substrates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Particle Size on the Dielectric, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Recycled Borosilicate Glass-Filled PTFE Microwave Substrates |
| title_short | Effects of Particle Size on the Dielectric, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Recycled Borosilicate Glass-Filled PTFE Microwave Substrates |
| title_sort | effects of particle size on the dielectric mechanical and thermal properties of recycled borosilicate glass filled ptfe microwave substrates |
| topic | recycled borosilicate PTFE sintering permittivity high-frequency substrates |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/15/2449 |
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