Pseudomonas Type III Effector AvrPto Suppresses the Programmed Cell Death Induced by Two Nonhost Pathogens in Nicotiana benthamiana and Tomato
Many gram-negative bacterial pathogens rely on a type III secretion system to deliver a number of effector proteins into the host cell. Though a number of these effectors have been shown to contribute to bacterial pathogenicity, their functions remain elusive. Here we report that AvrPto, an effector...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The American Phytopathological Society
2004-12-01
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| Series: | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.12.1328 |
| _version_ | 1811261214719737856 |
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| author | Li Kang Xiaoyan Tang Kirankumar S. Mysore |
| author_facet | Li Kang Xiaoyan Tang Kirankumar S. Mysore |
| author_sort | Li Kang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many gram-negative bacterial pathogens rely on a type III secretion system to deliver a number of effector proteins into the host cell. Though a number of these effectors have been shown to contribute to bacterial pathogenicity, their functions remain elusive. Here we report that AvrPto, an effector known for its ability to interact with Pto and induce Pto-mediated disease resistance, inhibited the hypersensitive response (HR) induced by nonhost pathogen interactions. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato T1 causes an HR-like cell death on Nicotiana benthamiana. This rapid cell death was delayed significantly in plants inoculated with P. syringae pv. tomato expressing avrPto. In addition, P. syringae pv. tabaci expressing avrPto suppressed nonhost HR on tomato prf3 and ptoS lines. Transient expression of avrPto in both N. benthamiana and tomato prf3 plants also was able to suppress nonhost HR. Interestingly, AvrPto failed to suppress cell death caused by other elicitors and nonhost pathogens. AvrPto also failed to suppress cell death caused by certain gene-for-gene disease resistance interactions. Experiments with avrPto mutants revealed several residues important for the suppression effects. AvrPto mutants G2A, G99V, P146L, and a 12-amino-acid C-terminal deletion mutant partially lost the suppression ability, whereas S94P and I96T enhanced suppression of cell death in N. benthamiana. These results, together with other discoveries, demonstrated that suppression of host-programmed cell death may serve as one of the strategies bacterial pathoens use for successful invasion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:00:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ec4a16582eaa4bca89bd94e8d1daf908 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0894-0282 1943-7706 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:00:18Z |
| publishDate | 2004-12-01 |
| publisher | The American Phytopathological Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec4a16582eaa4bca89bd94e8d1daf9082022-12-22T03:20:12ZengThe American Phytopathological SocietyMolecular Plant-Microbe Interactions0894-02821943-77062004-12-0117121328133610.1094/MPMI.2004.17.12.1328Pseudomonas Type III Effector AvrPto Suppresses the Programmed Cell Death Induced by Two Nonhost Pathogens in Nicotiana benthamiana and TomatoLi KangXiaoyan TangKirankumar S. MysoreMany gram-negative bacterial pathogens rely on a type III secretion system to deliver a number of effector proteins into the host cell. Though a number of these effectors have been shown to contribute to bacterial pathogenicity, their functions remain elusive. Here we report that AvrPto, an effector known for its ability to interact with Pto and induce Pto-mediated disease resistance, inhibited the hypersensitive response (HR) induced by nonhost pathogen interactions. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato T1 causes an HR-like cell death on Nicotiana benthamiana. This rapid cell death was delayed significantly in plants inoculated with P. syringae pv. tomato expressing avrPto. In addition, P. syringae pv. tabaci expressing avrPto suppressed nonhost HR on tomato prf3 and ptoS lines. Transient expression of avrPto in both N. benthamiana and tomato prf3 plants also was able to suppress nonhost HR. Interestingly, AvrPto failed to suppress cell death caused by other elicitors and nonhost pathogens. AvrPto also failed to suppress cell death caused by certain gene-for-gene disease resistance interactions. Experiments with avrPto mutants revealed several residues important for the suppression effects. AvrPto mutants G2A, G99V, P146L, and a 12-amino-acid C-terminal deletion mutant partially lost the suppression ability, whereas S94P and I96T enhanced suppression of cell death in N. benthamiana. These results, together with other discoveries, demonstrated that suppression of host-programmed cell death may serve as one of the strategies bacterial pathoens use for successful invasion.https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.12.1328nonhost resistanceVIGS |
| spellingShingle | Li Kang Xiaoyan Tang Kirankumar S. Mysore Pseudomonas Type III Effector AvrPto Suppresses the Programmed Cell Death Induced by Two Nonhost Pathogens in Nicotiana benthamiana and Tomato Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions nonhost resistance VIGS |
| title | Pseudomonas Type III Effector AvrPto Suppresses the Programmed Cell Death Induced by Two Nonhost Pathogens in Nicotiana benthamiana and Tomato |
| title_full | Pseudomonas Type III Effector AvrPto Suppresses the Programmed Cell Death Induced by Two Nonhost Pathogens in Nicotiana benthamiana and Tomato |
| title_fullStr | Pseudomonas Type III Effector AvrPto Suppresses the Programmed Cell Death Induced by Two Nonhost Pathogens in Nicotiana benthamiana and Tomato |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pseudomonas Type III Effector AvrPto Suppresses the Programmed Cell Death Induced by Two Nonhost Pathogens in Nicotiana benthamiana and Tomato |
| title_short | Pseudomonas Type III Effector AvrPto Suppresses the Programmed Cell Death Induced by Two Nonhost Pathogens in Nicotiana benthamiana and Tomato |
| title_sort | pseudomonas type iii effector avrpto suppresses the programmed cell death induced by two nonhost pathogens in nicotiana benthamiana and tomato |
| topic | nonhost resistance VIGS |
| url | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.12.1328 |
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