Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Triggered by Moderate Intensity Shock Wave Using a Modified Experimental Model of Injury in Mice
Background: The increasing frequency of explosive injuries has increased interest in blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). Various shock tube models have been used to study bTBI. Mild-to-moderate explosions are often overlooked because of the slow onset or mildness of the symptoms. However, h...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Chinese Medical Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.cmj.org/article.asp?issn=0366-6999;year=2018;volume=131;issue=20;spage=2447;epage=2460;aulast=Zhou |
| _version_ | 1819112427817533440 |
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| author | Yuan Zhou Li-Li Wen Han-Dong Wang Xiao-Ming Zhou Jiang Fang Jian-Hong Zhu Ke Ding |
| author_facet | Yuan Zhou Li-Li Wen Han-Dong Wang Xiao-Ming Zhou Jiang Fang Jian-Hong Zhu Ke Ding |
| author_sort | Yuan Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The increasing frequency of explosive injuries has increased interest in blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). Various shock tube models have been used to study bTBI. Mild-to-moderate explosions are often overlooked because of the slow onset or mildness of the symptoms. However, heavy gas cylinders and large volume chambers in the model may increase the complexity and danger. This study sought to design a modified model to explore the effect of moderate explosion on brain injury in mice.
Methods: Pathology scoring system (PSS) was used to distinguish the graded intensity by the modified model. A total of 160 mice were randomly divided into control, sham, and bTBI groups with different time points. The clinical features, imaging features, neurobehavior, and neuropathology were detected after moderate explosion. One-way analysis of variance followed by Fisher's least significant difference posttest or Dunnett's t 3-test was performed for data analyses.
Results: PSS of mild, moderate, and severe explosion was 13.4 ± 2.2, 32.6 ± 2.7 (t = 13.92, P < 0.001; vs. mild group), and 56.6 ± 2.8 (t = 31.37, P < 0.001; vs. mild group), respectively. After moderate explosion, mice showed varied symptoms of malaise, anorexia, incontinence, apnea, or seizure. After bTBI, brain edema reached the highest peak at day 3 (82.5% ± 2.1% vs. 73.8% ± 0.6%, t = 7.76, P < 0.001), while the most serious neurological outcomes occurred at day 1 (Y-maze: 8.25 ± 2.36 vs. 20.00 ± 4.55, t = −4.59, P = 0.048; 29.58% ± 2.84% vs. 49.09% ± 11.63%, t = −3.08, P = 0.008; neurologic severity score: 2.50 ± 0.58 vs. 0.00 ± 0.00, t = 8.65, P = 0.016). We also found that apoptotic neurons (52.76% ± 1.99% vs. 1.30% ± 0.11%, t = 57.20, P < 0.001) and gliosis (2.98 ± 0.24 vs. 1.00 ± 0.00, t = 14.42, P = 0.021) in the frontal were significantly higher at day 3 post-bTBI than sham bTBI.
Conclusions: We provide a reliable, reproducible bTBI model in mice that can produce a graded explosive waveform similar to the free-field shock wave in a controlled laboratory environment. Moderate explosion can trigger mild-to-moderate blast damage of the brain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T04:13:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ec4d359a170a45b6a53a1e24daa58b51 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0366-6999 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T04:13:21Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer |
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| series | Chinese Medical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec4d359a170a45b6a53a1e24daa58b512022-12-21T18:39:29ZengWolters KluwerChinese Medical Journal0366-69992018-01-01131202447246010.4103/0366-6999.243558Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Triggered by Moderate Intensity Shock Wave Using a Modified Experimental Model of Injury in MiceYuan ZhouLi-Li WenHan-Dong WangXiao-Ming ZhouJiang FangJian-Hong ZhuKe DingBackground: The increasing frequency of explosive injuries has increased interest in blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). Various shock tube models have been used to study bTBI. Mild-to-moderate explosions are often overlooked because of the slow onset or mildness of the symptoms. However, heavy gas cylinders and large volume chambers in the model may increase the complexity and danger. This study sought to design a modified model to explore the effect of moderate explosion on brain injury in mice. Methods: Pathology scoring system (PSS) was used to distinguish the graded intensity by the modified model. A total of 160 mice were randomly divided into control, sham, and bTBI groups with different time points. The clinical features, imaging features, neurobehavior, and neuropathology were detected after moderate explosion. One-way analysis of variance followed by Fisher's least significant difference posttest or Dunnett's t 3-test was performed for data analyses. Results: PSS of mild, moderate, and severe explosion was 13.4 ± 2.2, 32.6 ± 2.7 (t = 13.92, P < 0.001; vs. mild group), and 56.6 ± 2.8 (t = 31.37, P < 0.001; vs. mild group), respectively. After moderate explosion, mice showed varied symptoms of malaise, anorexia, incontinence, apnea, or seizure. After bTBI, brain edema reached the highest peak at day 3 (82.5% ± 2.1% vs. 73.8% ± 0.6%, t = 7.76, P < 0.001), while the most serious neurological outcomes occurred at day 1 (Y-maze: 8.25 ± 2.36 vs. 20.00 ± 4.55, t = −4.59, P = 0.048; 29.58% ± 2.84% vs. 49.09% ± 11.63%, t = −3.08, P = 0.008; neurologic severity score: 2.50 ± 0.58 vs. 0.00 ± 0.00, t = 8.65, P = 0.016). We also found that apoptotic neurons (52.76% ± 1.99% vs. 1.30% ± 0.11%, t = 57.20, P < 0.001) and gliosis (2.98 ± 0.24 vs. 1.00 ± 0.00, t = 14.42, P = 0.021) in the frontal were significantly higher at day 3 post-bTBI than sham bTBI. Conclusions: We provide a reliable, reproducible bTBI model in mice that can produce a graded explosive waveform similar to the free-field shock wave in a controlled laboratory environment. Moderate explosion can trigger mild-to-moderate blast damage of the brain.http://www.cmj.org/article.asp?issn=0366-6999;year=2018;volume=131;issue=20;spage=2447;epage=2460;aulast=ZhouBlast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury; Brain Edema; Gliosis; Shock Tube; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
| spellingShingle | Yuan Zhou Li-Li Wen Han-Dong Wang Xiao-Ming Zhou Jiang Fang Jian-Hong Zhu Ke Ding Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Triggered by Moderate Intensity Shock Wave Using a Modified Experimental Model of Injury in Mice Chinese Medical Journal Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury; Brain Edema; Gliosis; Shock Tube; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
| title | Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Triggered by Moderate Intensity Shock Wave Using a Modified Experimental Model of Injury in Mice |
| title_full | Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Triggered by Moderate Intensity Shock Wave Using a Modified Experimental Model of Injury in Mice |
| title_fullStr | Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Triggered by Moderate Intensity Shock Wave Using a Modified Experimental Model of Injury in Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Triggered by Moderate Intensity Shock Wave Using a Modified Experimental Model of Injury in Mice |
| title_short | Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Triggered by Moderate Intensity Shock Wave Using a Modified Experimental Model of Injury in Mice |
| title_sort | blast induced traumatic brain injury triggered by moderate intensity shock wave using a modified experimental model of injury in mice |
| topic | Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury; Brain Edema; Gliosis; Shock Tube; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
| url | http://www.cmj.org/article.asp?issn=0366-6999;year=2018;volume=131;issue=20;spage=2447;epage=2460;aulast=Zhou |
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