Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult Rats
Introduction: Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (ELF-EMFs) have gathered significant consideration for their possible pathogenicity. However, their effects on the nervous system’s functions were not fully clarified. This study aimed to assay the impact of ELF-EMFs with different intensi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Iran University of Medical Sciences
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Basic and Clinical Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1740-en.html |
| _version_ | 1797283896057921536 |
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| author | Nafiseh Faraji Iraj Salehi Akram Alizadeh Arash Pourgholaminejad Alireza Komaki Masoumeh Taheri Azandaryani Reihaneh Sadeghian Zoleikha Golipoor |
| author_facet | Nafiseh Faraji Iraj Salehi Akram Alizadeh Arash Pourgholaminejad Alireza Komaki Masoumeh Taheri Azandaryani Reihaneh Sadeghian Zoleikha Golipoor |
| author_sort | Nafiseh Faraji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (ELF-EMFs) have gathered significant consideration for their possible pathogenicity. However, their effects on the nervous system’s functions were not fully clarified. This study aimed to assay the impact of ELF-EMFs with different intensities on memory, anxiety, antioxidant activity, β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, and microglia population in rats.
Methods: Fifty male adult rats were randomly separated into 5 groups; 4 were exposed to a flux density of 1, 100, 500, and 2000 microtesla (µT), 50 Hz frequency for one h/day for two months, and one group as a control group. The control group was without ELF-EMF stimulation. After 8 weeks, passive avoidance and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) tests were performed to assess memory formation and anxiety-like behavior, respectively. Total free thiol groups and the index of lipid peroxidation were evaluated. Additionally, for detection of Aβ deposition and stained microglia in the brain, anti-β-amyloid and anti-Iba1 antibodies were used.
Results: The step-through latency in the retention test in ELF-EMF exposure groups (100500 & 2000 µT) was significantly greater than the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the frequency of the entries into the open arms in ELF-EMF exposure groups (especially 2000 µT) decreased than the control group (P<0.05). No Aβ depositions were detected in the hippocampus of different groups. An increase in microglia numbers in the 100, 500, and 2000 µT groups was observed compared to the control and one µT group.
Conclusion: Exposure to ELF-EMF had an anxiogenic effect on rats, promoted memory, and induced oxidative stress. No Aβ depositions were detected in the brain. Moreover, the positive impact of ELF-EMF was observed on the microglia population in the brain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:37:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ec4ed2e324764f52ba841c5233515be6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2008-126X 2228-7442 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:37:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Iran University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Basic and Clinical Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec4ed2e324764f52ba841c5233515be62024-03-02T16:38:35ZengIran University of Medical SciencesBasic and Clinical Neuroscience2008-126X2228-74422021-11-01126849860Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult RatsNafiseh Faraji0Iraj Salehi1Akram Alizadeh2Arash Pourgholaminejad3Alireza Komaki4Masoumeh Taheri Azandaryani5Reihaneh Sadeghian6Zoleikha Golipoor7 Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Introduction: Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (ELF-EMFs) have gathered significant consideration for their possible pathogenicity. However, their effects on the nervous system’s functions were not fully clarified. This study aimed to assay the impact of ELF-EMFs with different intensities on memory, anxiety, antioxidant activity, β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, and microglia population in rats. Methods: Fifty male adult rats were randomly separated into 5 groups; 4 were exposed to a flux density of 1, 100, 500, and 2000 microtesla (µT), 50 Hz frequency for one h/day for two months, and one group as a control group. The control group was without ELF-EMF stimulation. After 8 weeks, passive avoidance and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) tests were performed to assess memory formation and anxiety-like behavior, respectively. Total free thiol groups and the index of lipid peroxidation were evaluated. Additionally, for detection of Aβ deposition and stained microglia in the brain, anti-β-amyloid and anti-Iba1 antibodies were used. Results: The step-through latency in the retention test in ELF-EMF exposure groups (100500 & 2000 µT) was significantly greater than the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the frequency of the entries into the open arms in ELF-EMF exposure groups (especially 2000 µT) decreased than the control group (P<0.05). No Aβ depositions were detected in the hippocampus of different groups. An increase in microglia numbers in the 100, 500, and 2000 µT groups was observed compared to the control and one µT group. Conclusion: Exposure to ELF-EMF had an anxiogenic effect on rats, promoted memory, and induced oxidative stress. No Aβ depositions were detected in the brain. Moreover, the positive impact of ELF-EMF was observed on the microglia population in the brain.http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1740-en.htmlmemoryanxietyoxidative stressβ-amyloidmicroglial cellmagnetic field |
| spellingShingle | Nafiseh Faraji Iraj Salehi Akram Alizadeh Arash Pourgholaminejad Alireza Komaki Masoumeh Taheri Azandaryani Reihaneh Sadeghian Zoleikha Golipoor Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult Rats Basic and Clinical Neuroscience memory anxiety oxidative stress β-amyloid microglial cell magnetic field |
| title | Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult Rats |
| title_full | Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult Rats |
| title_fullStr | Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult Rats |
| title_short | Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult Rats |
| title_sort | comparing the effects of long term exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields with different values on learning memory anxiety and β amyloid deposition in adult rats |
| topic | memory anxiety oxidative stress β-amyloid microglial cell magnetic field |
| url | http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1740-en.html |
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