An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks
Abstract Flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs) include a large number of drones, which communicate with each other based on an ad hoc model. These networks provide new opportunities for various applications such as military, industrial, and civilian applications. However, FANETs have faced with many chall...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27567-7 |
| _version_ | 1811175910746882048 |
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| author | Jan Lansky Amir Masoud Rahmani Mazhar Hussain Malik Efat Yousefpoor Mohammad Sadegh Yousefpoor Muhammad Umair Khan Mehdi Hosseinzadeh |
| author_facet | Jan Lansky Amir Masoud Rahmani Mazhar Hussain Malik Efat Yousefpoor Mohammad Sadegh Yousefpoor Muhammad Umair Khan Mehdi Hosseinzadeh |
| author_sort | Jan Lansky |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs) include a large number of drones, which communicate with each other based on an ad hoc model. These networks provide new opportunities for various applications such as military, industrial, and civilian applications. However, FANETs have faced with many challenges like high-speed nodes, low density, and rapid changes in the topology. As a result, routing is a challenging issue in these networks. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware routing scheme in FANETs. This scheme is inspired by the optimized link state routing (OLSR). In the proposed routing scheme, we estimate the connection quality between two flying nodes using a new technique, which utilizes two parameters, including ratio of sent/received of hello packets and connection time. Also, our proposed method selects multipoint relays (MPRs) using the firefly algorithm. It chooses a node with high residual energy, high connection quality, more neighborhood degree, and higher willingness as MPR. Finally, our proposed scheme creates routes between different nodes based on energy and connection quality. Our proposed routing scheme is simulated using the network simulator version 3 (NS3). We compare its simulation results with the greedy optimized link state routing (G-OLSR) and the optimized link state routing (OLSR). These results show that our method outperforms G-OLSR and OLSR in terms of delay, packet delivery rate, throughput, and energy consumption. However, our proposed routing scheme increases slightly routing overhead compared to G-OLSR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T19:44:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ec5924298bb84e8d9e7e7a9713cdbbba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T19:44:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec5924298bb84e8d9e7e7a9713cdbbba2023-01-29T12:09:59ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-01-0113111810.1038/s41598-023-27567-7An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networksJan Lansky0Amir Masoud Rahmani1Mazhar Hussain Malik2Efat Yousefpoor3Mohammad Sadegh Yousefpoor4Muhammad Umair Khan5Mehdi Hosseinzadeh6Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Economic Studies, University of Finance and AdministrationFuture Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologySchool of Computing and Creative Technologies, College of Arts, Technology and Environment (CATE), University of the West of England, Frenchay CampusDepartment of Computer Engineering, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Computer Engineering, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad UniversitySchool of Computing, Gachon UniversityInstitute of Research and Development, Duy Tan UniversityAbstract Flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs) include a large number of drones, which communicate with each other based on an ad hoc model. These networks provide new opportunities for various applications such as military, industrial, and civilian applications. However, FANETs have faced with many challenges like high-speed nodes, low density, and rapid changes in the topology. As a result, routing is a challenging issue in these networks. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware routing scheme in FANETs. This scheme is inspired by the optimized link state routing (OLSR). In the proposed routing scheme, we estimate the connection quality between two flying nodes using a new technique, which utilizes two parameters, including ratio of sent/received of hello packets and connection time. Also, our proposed method selects multipoint relays (MPRs) using the firefly algorithm. It chooses a node with high residual energy, high connection quality, more neighborhood degree, and higher willingness as MPR. Finally, our proposed scheme creates routes between different nodes based on energy and connection quality. Our proposed routing scheme is simulated using the network simulator version 3 (NS3). We compare its simulation results with the greedy optimized link state routing (G-OLSR) and the optimized link state routing (OLSR). These results show that our method outperforms G-OLSR and OLSR in terms of delay, packet delivery rate, throughput, and energy consumption. However, our proposed routing scheme increases slightly routing overhead compared to G-OLSR.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27567-7 |
| spellingShingle | Jan Lansky Amir Masoud Rahmani Mazhar Hussain Malik Efat Yousefpoor Mohammad Sadegh Yousefpoor Muhammad Umair Khan Mehdi Hosseinzadeh An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks Scientific Reports |
| title | An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks |
| title_full | An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks |
| title_fullStr | An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks |
| title_short | An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks |
| title_sort | energy aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27567-7 |
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