The Robotic Multiobject Focal Plane System of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)
A system of 5020 robotic fiber positioners was installed in 2019 on the Mayall Telescope, at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The robots automatically retarget their optical fibers every 10–20 minutes, each to a precision of several microns, with a reconfiguration time of fewer than 2 minutes. Over t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2022-01-01
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| Series: | The Astronomical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac9ab1 |
| _version_ | 1797695664357900288 |
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| author | Joseph Harry Silber Parker Fagrelius Kevin Fanning Michael Schubnell Jessica Nicole Aguilar Steven Ahlen Jon Ameel Otger Ballester Charles Baltay Chris Bebek Dominic Benton Beard Robert Besuner Laia Cardiel-Sas Ricard Casas Francisco Javier Castander Todd Claybaugh Carl Dobson Yutong Duan Patrick Dunlop Jerry Edelstein William T. Emmet Ann Elliott Matthew Evatt Irena Gershkovich Julien Guy Stu Harris Henry Heetderks Ian Heetderks Klaus Honscheid Jose Maria Illa Patrick Jelinsky Sharon R. Jelinsky Jorge Jimenez Armin Karcher Stephen Kent David Kirkby Jean-Paul Kneib Andrew Lambert Mike Lampton Daniela Leitner Michael Levi Jeremy McCauley Aaron Meisner Timothy N. Miller Ramon Miquel Juliá Mundet Claire Poppett David Rabinowitz Kevin Reil David Roman David Schlegel Santiago Serrano William Van Shourt David Sprayberry Gregory Tarlé Suk Sien Tie Curtis Weaverdyck Kai Zhang Marco Azzaro Stephen Bailey Santiago Becerril Tami Blackwell Mohamed Bouri David Brooks Elizabeth Buckley-Geer Jose Peñate Castro Mark Derwent Arjun Dey Govinda Dhungana Peter Doel Daniel J. Eisenstein Nasib Fahim Juan Garcia-Bellido Enrique Gaztañaga Satya Gontcho A Gontcho Gaston Gutierrez Philipp Hörler Robert Kehoe Theodore Kisner Anthony Kremin Luzius Kronig Martin Landriau Laurent Le Guillou Paul Martini John Moustakas Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille Xiyan Peng Will Percival Francisco Prada Carlos Allende Prieto Guillermo Gonzalez de Rivera Eusebio Sanchez Justo Sanchez Ray Sharples Marcelle Soares-Santos Edward Schlafly Benjamin Alan Weaver Zhimin Zhou Yaling Zhu Hu Zou (DESI Collaboration) |
| author_facet | Joseph Harry Silber Parker Fagrelius Kevin Fanning Michael Schubnell Jessica Nicole Aguilar Steven Ahlen Jon Ameel Otger Ballester Charles Baltay Chris Bebek Dominic Benton Beard Robert Besuner Laia Cardiel-Sas Ricard Casas Francisco Javier Castander Todd Claybaugh Carl Dobson Yutong Duan Patrick Dunlop Jerry Edelstein William T. Emmet Ann Elliott Matthew Evatt Irena Gershkovich Julien Guy Stu Harris Henry Heetderks Ian Heetderks Klaus Honscheid Jose Maria Illa Patrick Jelinsky Sharon R. Jelinsky Jorge Jimenez Armin Karcher Stephen Kent David Kirkby Jean-Paul Kneib Andrew Lambert Mike Lampton Daniela Leitner Michael Levi Jeremy McCauley Aaron Meisner Timothy N. Miller Ramon Miquel Juliá Mundet Claire Poppett David Rabinowitz Kevin Reil David Roman David Schlegel Santiago Serrano William Van Shourt David Sprayberry Gregory Tarlé Suk Sien Tie Curtis Weaverdyck Kai Zhang Marco Azzaro Stephen Bailey Santiago Becerril Tami Blackwell Mohamed Bouri David Brooks Elizabeth Buckley-Geer Jose Peñate Castro Mark Derwent Arjun Dey Govinda Dhungana Peter Doel Daniel J. Eisenstein Nasib Fahim Juan Garcia-Bellido Enrique Gaztañaga Satya Gontcho A Gontcho Gaston Gutierrez Philipp Hörler Robert Kehoe Theodore Kisner Anthony Kremin Luzius Kronig Martin Landriau Laurent Le Guillou Paul Martini John Moustakas Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille Xiyan Peng Will Percival Francisco Prada Carlos Allende Prieto Guillermo Gonzalez de Rivera Eusebio Sanchez Justo Sanchez Ray Sharples Marcelle Soares-Santos Edward Schlafly Benjamin Alan Weaver Zhimin Zhou Yaling Zhu Hu Zou (DESI Collaboration) |
| author_sort | Joseph Harry Silber |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A system of 5020 robotic fiber positioners was installed in 2019 on the Mayall Telescope, at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The robots automatically retarget their optical fibers every 10–20 minutes, each to a precision of several microns, with a reconfiguration time of fewer than 2 minutes. Over the next 5 yr, they will enable the newly constructed Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) to measure the spectra of 35 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will produce the largest 3D map of the universe to date and measure the expansion history of the cosmos. In addition to the 5020 robotic positioners and optical fibers, DESI’s Focal Plane System includes six guide cameras, four wave front cameras, 123 fiducial point sources, and a metrology camera mounted at the primary mirror. The system also includes associated structural, thermal, and electrical systems. In all, it contains over 675,000 individual parts. We discuss the design, construction, quality control, and integration of all these components. We include a summary of the key requirements, the review and acceptance process, on-sky validations of requirements, and lessons learned for future multiobject, fiber-fed spectrographs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:15:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ec5f6d0d08344650ae772c420efc6552 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-3881 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:15:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astronomical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec5f6d0d08344650ae772c420efc65522023-09-03T14:11:17ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812022-01-011651910.3847/1538-3881/ac9ab1The Robotic Multiobject Focal Plane System of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)Joseph Harry Silber0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-0320Parker Fagrelius1Kevin Fanning2Michael Schubnell3Jessica Nicole Aguilar4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0822-452XSteven Ahlen5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-7247Jon Ameel6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-2584Otger Ballester7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7126-5300Charles Baltay8Chris Bebek9Dominic Benton Beard10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-8207Robert Besuner11Laia Cardiel-Sas12Ricard Casas13Francisco Javier Castander14https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7316-4573Todd Claybaugh15Carl Dobson16Yutong Duan17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2611-0895Patrick Dunlop18Jerry Edelstein19William T. Emmet20Ann Elliott21https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6537-6453Matthew Evatt22Irena Gershkovich23Julien Guy24https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9822-6793Stu Harris25Henry Heetderks26Ian Heetderks27Klaus Honscheid28Jose Maria Illa29Patrick Jelinsky30Sharon R. Jelinsky31Jorge Jimenez32Armin Karcher33Stephen Kent34https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-7420David Kirkby35Jean-Paul Kneib36https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4616-4989Andrew Lambert37Mike Lampton38Daniela Leitner39Michael Levi40https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1887-1018Jeremy McCauley41Aaron Meisner42https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7384Timothy N. Miller43Ramon Miquel44https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-4836Juliá Mundet45Claire Poppett46David Rabinowitz47https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4961-7653Kevin Reil48David Roman49https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8717-9597David Schlegel50https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5042-5088Santiago Serrano51William Van Shourt52David Sprayberry53https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-6441Gregory Tarlé54https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1704-0781Suk Sien Tie55https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5249-1353Curtis Weaverdyck56Kai Zhang57https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-3646Marco Azzaro58https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1317-0661Stephen Bailey59https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4162-6619Santiago Becerril60Tami Blackwell61Mohamed Bouri62https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1083-3180David Brooks63https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8458-5047Elizabeth Buckley-Geer64Jose Peñate Castro65Mark Derwent66Arjun Dey67https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-4003Govinda Dhungana68Peter Doel69Daniel J. Eisenstein70https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-3121Nasib Fahim71Juan Garcia-Bellido72https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9370-8360Enrique Gaztañaga73https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9632-0815Satya Gontcho A Gontcho74Gaston Gutierrez75Philipp Hörler76Robert Kehoe77https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7101-697XTheodore Kisner78Anthony Kremin79https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6356-7424Luzius Kronig80Martin Landriau81https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-8528Laurent Le Guillou82https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7178-8868Paul Martini83https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-4182John Moustakas84https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-4559Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille85Xiyan Peng86https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3784-830XWill Percival87https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0644-5727Francisco Prada88Carlos Allende Prieto89https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0084-572XGuillermo Gonzalez de Rivera90https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4452-743XEusebio Sanchez91https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9646-8198Justo Sanchez92Ray Sharples93https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3449-8583Marcelle Soares-Santos94https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-8529Edward Schlafly95https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3569-7421Benjamin Alan Weaver96Zhimin Zhou97https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4135-0977Yaling Zhu98Hu Zou99https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6684-3997(DESI Collaboration)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab) , USA ; em2Department of Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USA; Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USAUniversity of Michigan (UM) , USALawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduBoston University (BU) , USAUniversity of Michigan (UM) , USAInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , SpainYale University , USALawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , SpainInstitut de Cìencies de l’Espai (ICE) , IEEC-CSIC, SpainInstitut de Cìencies de l’Espai (ICE) , IEEC-CSIC, SpainLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduSpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USABoston University (BU) , USANSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab) , USA ; em2Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USAYale University , USADepartment of Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USANSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab) , USA ; em2University of Michigan (UM) , USALawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduSpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USALawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.edu; Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USALawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.edu; Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USADepartment of Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USA; Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USAInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , SpainLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.edu; Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USASpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USAInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , SpainLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduFermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) , USAUniversity of California , Irvine (UCI), USAÉcole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SwitzerlandLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduSpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USALawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduSpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USANSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab) , USA ; em2Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USAInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , SpainInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , SpainSpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USAYale University , USAKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , USA; Stanford University , USAInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , SpainLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduInstitut de Cìencies de l’Espai (ICE) , IEEC-CSIC, SpainSpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USANSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab) , USA ; em2University of Michigan (UM) , USADepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USAUniversity of Michigan (UM) , USALawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) , SpainLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) , SpainLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduÉcole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SwitzerlandUniversity College London (UCL) , USAFermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) , USAInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) , SpainDepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USANSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab) , USA ; em2Southern Methodist University (SMU) , USAUniversity College London (UCL) , USACenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , USAGrupo de Investigación HCTLab, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , SpainInstituto de Física Teórica (IFT) UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , SpainInstitut de Cìencies de l’Espai (ICE) , IEEC-CSIC, SpainLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduFermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) , USAÉcole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SwitzerlandSouthern Methodist University (SMU) , USALawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.edu; University of Michigan (UM) , USAÉcole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SwitzerlandLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.eduSorbonne Université , Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), FranceCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USA; Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University (OSU) , USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Siena College , USALawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , USA ; jhsilber@lbl.gov, parker.fagrelius@noirlab.edu; IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , FranceNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo , Canada; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics , CanadaInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) , SpainInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) , SpainGrupo de Investigación HCTLab, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , SpainCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas , Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), SpainInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) , SpainCentre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University , UK; Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , UKUniversity of Michigan (UM) , USALawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) , USANSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab) , USA ; em2National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , CanadaSpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley , USANational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , CanadaA system of 5020 robotic fiber positioners was installed in 2019 on the Mayall Telescope, at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The robots automatically retarget their optical fibers every 10–20 minutes, each to a precision of several microns, with a reconfiguration time of fewer than 2 minutes. Over the next 5 yr, they will enable the newly constructed Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) to measure the spectra of 35 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will produce the largest 3D map of the universe to date and measure the expansion history of the cosmos. In addition to the 5020 robotic positioners and optical fibers, DESI’s Focal Plane System includes six guide cameras, four wave front cameras, 123 fiducial point sources, and a metrology camera mounted at the primary mirror. The system also includes associated structural, thermal, and electrical systems. In all, it contains over 675,000 individual parts. We discuss the design, construction, quality control, and integration of all these components. We include a summary of the key requirements, the review and acceptance process, on-sky validations of requirements, and lessons learned for future multiobject, fiber-fed spectrographs.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac9ab1Dark energyAstronomical instrumentationSpectrometersGalaxy spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Joseph Harry Silber Parker Fagrelius Kevin Fanning Michael Schubnell Jessica Nicole Aguilar Steven Ahlen Jon Ameel Otger Ballester Charles Baltay Chris Bebek Dominic Benton Beard Robert Besuner Laia Cardiel-Sas Ricard Casas Francisco Javier Castander Todd Claybaugh Carl Dobson Yutong Duan Patrick Dunlop Jerry Edelstein William T. Emmet Ann Elliott Matthew Evatt Irena Gershkovich Julien Guy Stu Harris Henry Heetderks Ian Heetderks Klaus Honscheid Jose Maria Illa Patrick Jelinsky Sharon R. Jelinsky Jorge Jimenez Armin Karcher Stephen Kent David Kirkby Jean-Paul Kneib Andrew Lambert Mike Lampton Daniela Leitner Michael Levi Jeremy McCauley Aaron Meisner Timothy N. Miller Ramon Miquel Juliá Mundet Claire Poppett David Rabinowitz Kevin Reil David Roman David Schlegel Santiago Serrano William Van Shourt David Sprayberry Gregory Tarlé Suk Sien Tie Curtis Weaverdyck Kai Zhang Marco Azzaro Stephen Bailey Santiago Becerril Tami Blackwell Mohamed Bouri David Brooks Elizabeth Buckley-Geer Jose Peñate Castro Mark Derwent Arjun Dey Govinda Dhungana Peter Doel Daniel J. Eisenstein Nasib Fahim Juan Garcia-Bellido Enrique Gaztañaga Satya Gontcho A Gontcho Gaston Gutierrez Philipp Hörler Robert Kehoe Theodore Kisner Anthony Kremin Luzius Kronig Martin Landriau Laurent Le Guillou Paul Martini John Moustakas Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille Xiyan Peng Will Percival Francisco Prada Carlos Allende Prieto Guillermo Gonzalez de Rivera Eusebio Sanchez Justo Sanchez Ray Sharples Marcelle Soares-Santos Edward Schlafly Benjamin Alan Weaver Zhimin Zhou Yaling Zhu Hu Zou (DESI Collaboration) The Robotic Multiobject Focal Plane System of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) The Astronomical Journal Dark energy Astronomical instrumentation Spectrometers Galaxy spectroscopy |
| title | The Robotic Multiobject Focal Plane System of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) |
| title_full | The Robotic Multiobject Focal Plane System of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) |
| title_fullStr | The Robotic Multiobject Focal Plane System of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Robotic Multiobject Focal Plane System of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) |
| title_short | The Robotic Multiobject Focal Plane System of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) |
| title_sort | robotic multiobject focal plane system of the dark energy spectroscopic instrument desi |
| topic | Dark energy Astronomical instrumentation Spectrometers Galaxy spectroscopy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac9ab1 |
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