Beta-Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates Recovered from Pig Handlers in Retail Shops and Abattoirs in Selected Localities in Southern Nigeria: Implications for Public Health
Antibiotic resistance evolution among pathogenic microorganisms has become a huge burden globally as it has increased the burden of diseases amongst humans and animals. The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ESBL-Ec) and metallo beta-lactama...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/1/9 |
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| author | Olivia Sochi Egbule Benson C. Iweriebor Edward Ikenna Odum |
| author_facet | Olivia Sochi Egbule Benson C. Iweriebor Edward Ikenna Odum |
| author_sort | Olivia Sochi Egbule |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antibiotic resistance evolution among pathogenic microorganisms has become a huge burden globally as it has increased the burden of diseases amongst humans and animals. The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ESBL-Ec) and metallo beta-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (MBL-Ec) isolated from pig abattoir and handlers in retail shops was studied. In addition, the relationship between the isolates’ prevalence and the background characteristics of the butchers/retailers was also investigated. Samples from 32 hand swabs of pork sellers at retail shops and 8 butchers at abattoirs, as well as 272 swabs taken from knives, tables, floors, water troughs, and carcasses from both retail shops and abattoirs, were collected. <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) was isolated from hand swabs, fomites, and carcasses and were identified by standard microbiological procedures. The isolates susceptibility to nitrofurantoin (300 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), ceftazidime (30 µg), cefuroxime (30 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), cefixime (5 µg), ofloxacin (5 µg), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (30 µg), imipenem (10 µg), and meropenem (10 µg) and their ability to produce ESBL and MBL was determined by phenotypic methods. Demographic information of the handlers was retrieved by means of a structured questionnaire and, in some cases, via face to face interviews. Out of 104 <i>E. coli</i> isolates from both sources, 52 (50.0%) and 8 (7.7%) were ESBL and MBL producers, respectively. ESBL was more prevalent on the hands of the retailers (40.6%) and butchers (75.0%). The isolates were 100% resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and 4.8% resistant to nitrofurantoin. Diverse resistance patterns were observed among ESBL-Ec and MBL-Ec. It was found that 90% of ESBL-Ec and 100% of MBL-Ec were multidrug-resistant. A possible epidemiological link between the two sources was observed. The prevalence of <i>E. coli</i> ESBL- and MBL-producing isolates was associated with the duty performed by handlers (<i>p</i> = 0.012) and gender (<i>p</i> = 0.012). Our results provide evidence that the handlers’ hands and abattoir environment had a great role to play in the high prevalence and resistance profiles of the microorganisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:48:54Z |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:48:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
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| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec772d8eff2642168931483f7532b9572023-11-21T02:23:01ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822020-12-01101910.3390/antibiotics10010009Beta-Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates Recovered from Pig Handlers in Retail Shops and Abattoirs in Selected Localities in Southern Nigeria: Implications for Public HealthOlivia Sochi Egbule0Benson C. Iweriebor1Edward Ikenna Odum2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka 330106, NigeriaDepartment of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0204, South AfricaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka 330106, NigeriaAntibiotic resistance evolution among pathogenic microorganisms has become a huge burden globally as it has increased the burden of diseases amongst humans and animals. The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ESBL-Ec) and metallo beta-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (MBL-Ec) isolated from pig abattoir and handlers in retail shops was studied. In addition, the relationship between the isolates’ prevalence and the background characteristics of the butchers/retailers was also investigated. Samples from 32 hand swabs of pork sellers at retail shops and 8 butchers at abattoirs, as well as 272 swabs taken from knives, tables, floors, water troughs, and carcasses from both retail shops and abattoirs, were collected. <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) was isolated from hand swabs, fomites, and carcasses and were identified by standard microbiological procedures. The isolates susceptibility to nitrofurantoin (300 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), ceftazidime (30 µg), cefuroxime (30 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), cefixime (5 µg), ofloxacin (5 µg), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (30 µg), imipenem (10 µg), and meropenem (10 µg) and their ability to produce ESBL and MBL was determined by phenotypic methods. Demographic information of the handlers was retrieved by means of a structured questionnaire and, in some cases, via face to face interviews. Out of 104 <i>E. coli</i> isolates from both sources, 52 (50.0%) and 8 (7.7%) were ESBL and MBL producers, respectively. ESBL was more prevalent on the hands of the retailers (40.6%) and butchers (75.0%). The isolates were 100% resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and 4.8% resistant to nitrofurantoin. Diverse resistance patterns were observed among ESBL-Ec and MBL-Ec. It was found that 90% of ESBL-Ec and 100% of MBL-Ec were multidrug-resistant. A possible epidemiological link between the two sources was observed. The prevalence of <i>E. coli</i> ESBL- and MBL-producing isolates was associated with the duty performed by handlers (<i>p</i> = 0.012) and gender (<i>p</i> = 0.012). Our results provide evidence that the handlers’ hands and abattoir environment had a great role to play in the high prevalence and resistance profiles of the microorganisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/1/9<i>Escherichia coli</i>pigsretail shopsabattoirsextended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>metallo beta-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> |
| spellingShingle | Olivia Sochi Egbule Benson C. Iweriebor Edward Ikenna Odum Beta-Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates Recovered from Pig Handlers in Retail Shops and Abattoirs in Selected Localities in Southern Nigeria: Implications for Public Health Antibiotics <i>Escherichia coli</i> pigs retail shops abattoirs extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> metallo beta-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> |
| title | Beta-Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates Recovered from Pig Handlers in Retail Shops and Abattoirs in Selected Localities in Southern Nigeria: Implications for Public Health |
| title_full | Beta-Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates Recovered from Pig Handlers in Retail Shops and Abattoirs in Selected Localities in Southern Nigeria: Implications for Public Health |
| title_fullStr | Beta-Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates Recovered from Pig Handlers in Retail Shops and Abattoirs in Selected Localities in Southern Nigeria: Implications for Public Health |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beta-Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates Recovered from Pig Handlers in Retail Shops and Abattoirs in Selected Localities in Southern Nigeria: Implications for Public Health |
| title_short | Beta-Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates Recovered from Pig Handlers in Retail Shops and Abattoirs in Selected Localities in Southern Nigeria: Implications for Public Health |
| title_sort | beta lactamase producing i escherichia coli i isolates recovered from pig handlers in retail shops and abattoirs in selected localities in southern nigeria implications for public health |
| topic | <i>Escherichia coli</i> pigs retail shops abattoirs extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> metallo beta-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/1/9 |
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