Policing Cancer: Vitamin D Arrests the Cell Cycle
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone crucial for bone mineral metabolism. In addition, vitamin D has pleiotropic actions in the body, including anti-cancer actions. These anti-cancer properties observed within in vitro studies frequently report the reduction of cell proliferation by interruption of the ce...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/9296 |
| _version_ | 1797545627312193536 |
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| author | Sachin Bhoora Rivak Punchoo |
| author_facet | Sachin Bhoora Rivak Punchoo |
| author_sort | Sachin Bhoora |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vitamin D is a steroid hormone crucial for bone mineral metabolism. In addition, vitamin D has pleiotropic actions in the body, including anti-cancer actions. These anti-cancer properties observed within in vitro studies frequently report the reduction of cell proliferation by interruption of the cell cycle by the direct alteration of cell cycle regulators which induce cell cycle arrest. The most recurrent reported mode of cell cycle arrest by vitamin D is at the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle. This arrest is mediated by p21 and p27 upregulation, which results in suppression of cyclin D and E activity which leads to G1/G0 arrest. In addition, vitamin D treatments within in vitro cell lines have observed a reduced C-MYC expression and increased retinoblastoma protein levels that also result in G1/G0 arrest. In contrast, G2/M arrest is reported rarely within in vitro studies, and the mechanisms of this arrest are poorly described. Although the relationship of epigenetics on vitamin D metabolism is acknowledged, studies exploring a direct relationship to cell cycle perturbation is limited. In this review, we examine in vitro evidence of vitamin D and vitamin D metabolites directly influencing cell cycle regulators and inducing cell cycle arrest in cancer cell lines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:17:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ec81f1adb6c8481db8022645d7e977da |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:17:59Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec81f1adb6c8481db8022645d7e977da2023-11-20T23:40:08ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-12-012123929610.3390/ijms21239296Policing Cancer: Vitamin D Arrests the Cell CycleSachin Bhoora0Rivak Punchoo1Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0083, Gauteng, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0083, Gauteng, South AfricaVitamin D is a steroid hormone crucial for bone mineral metabolism. In addition, vitamin D has pleiotropic actions in the body, including anti-cancer actions. These anti-cancer properties observed within in vitro studies frequently report the reduction of cell proliferation by interruption of the cell cycle by the direct alteration of cell cycle regulators which induce cell cycle arrest. The most recurrent reported mode of cell cycle arrest by vitamin D is at the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle. This arrest is mediated by p21 and p27 upregulation, which results in suppression of cyclin D and E activity which leads to G1/G0 arrest. In addition, vitamin D treatments within in vitro cell lines have observed a reduced C-MYC expression and increased retinoblastoma protein levels that also result in G1/G0 arrest. In contrast, G2/M arrest is reported rarely within in vitro studies, and the mechanisms of this arrest are poorly described. Although the relationship of epigenetics on vitamin D metabolism is acknowledged, studies exploring a direct relationship to cell cycle perturbation is limited. In this review, we examine in vitro evidence of vitamin D and vitamin D metabolites directly influencing cell cycle regulators and inducing cell cycle arrest in cancer cell lines.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/9296cell proliferationcell cyclecyclin-dependent kinasecyclin-dependent kinase inhibitorvitamin Dcalcitriol |
| spellingShingle | Sachin Bhoora Rivak Punchoo Policing Cancer: Vitamin D Arrests the Cell Cycle International Journal of Molecular Sciences cell proliferation cell cycle cyclin-dependent kinase cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor vitamin D calcitriol |
| title | Policing Cancer: Vitamin D Arrests the Cell Cycle |
| title_full | Policing Cancer: Vitamin D Arrests the Cell Cycle |
| title_fullStr | Policing Cancer: Vitamin D Arrests the Cell Cycle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Policing Cancer: Vitamin D Arrests the Cell Cycle |
| title_short | Policing Cancer: Vitamin D Arrests the Cell Cycle |
| title_sort | policing cancer vitamin d arrests the cell cycle |
| topic | cell proliferation cell cycle cyclin-dependent kinase cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor vitamin D calcitriol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/9296 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sachinbhoora policingcancervitamindarreststhecellcycle AT rivakpunchoo policingcancervitamindarreststhecellcycle |