Bioengineered Mesenchymal-Stromal-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as an Improved Drug Delivery System: Methods and Applications
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nano-sized lipid membranous structures that modulate cell–cell communication by transporting a variety of biologically active cellular components. The potential of EVs in delivering functional cargos to targeted cells, their capacity to cross biological...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/4/1231 |
| _version_ | 1797606249417670656 |
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| author | Cristiana Ulpiano Cláudia L. da Silva Gabriel A. Monteiro |
| author_facet | Cristiana Ulpiano Cláudia L. da Silva Gabriel A. Monteiro |
| author_sort | Cristiana Ulpiano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nano-sized lipid membranous structures that modulate cell–cell communication by transporting a variety of biologically active cellular components. The potential of EVs in delivering functional cargos to targeted cells, their capacity to cross biological barriers, as well as their high modification flexibility, make them promising drug delivery vehicles for cell-free therapies. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known for their great paracrine trophic activity, which is largely sustained by the secretion of EVs. MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) retain important features of the parental cells and can be bioengineered to improve their therapeutic payload and target specificity, demonstrating increased therapeutic potential in numerous pre-clinical animal models, including in the treatment of cancer and several degenerative diseases. Here, we review the fundamentals of EV biology and the bioengineering strategies currently available to maximize the therapeutic value of EVs, focusing on their cargo and surface manipulation. Then, a comprehensive overview of the methods and applications of bioengineered MSC-EVs is presented, while discussing the technical hurdles yet to be addressed before their clinical translation as therapeutic agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:12:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ec8804b15e464c738a0f02e89e6aca60 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:12:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec8804b15e464c738a0f02e89e6aca602023-11-17T18:28:22ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-04-01114123110.3390/biomedicines11041231Bioengineered Mesenchymal-Stromal-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as an Improved Drug Delivery System: Methods and ApplicationsCristiana Ulpiano0Cláudia L. da Silva1Gabriel A. Monteiro2Department of Bioengineering and iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, PortugalDepartment of Bioengineering and iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, PortugalDepartment of Bioengineering and iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, PortugalExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nano-sized lipid membranous structures that modulate cell–cell communication by transporting a variety of biologically active cellular components. The potential of EVs in delivering functional cargos to targeted cells, their capacity to cross biological barriers, as well as their high modification flexibility, make them promising drug delivery vehicles for cell-free therapies. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known for their great paracrine trophic activity, which is largely sustained by the secretion of EVs. MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) retain important features of the parental cells and can be bioengineered to improve their therapeutic payload and target specificity, demonstrating increased therapeutic potential in numerous pre-clinical animal models, including in the treatment of cancer and several degenerative diseases. Here, we review the fundamentals of EV biology and the bioengineering strategies currently available to maximize the therapeutic value of EVs, focusing on their cargo and surface manipulation. Then, a comprehensive overview of the methods and applications of bioengineered MSC-EVs is presented, while discussing the technical hurdles yet to be addressed before their clinical translation as therapeutic agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/4/1231mesenchymal stromal cellsextracellular vesiclesbioengineering strategiesdrug delivery |
| spellingShingle | Cristiana Ulpiano Cláudia L. da Silva Gabriel A. Monteiro Bioengineered Mesenchymal-Stromal-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as an Improved Drug Delivery System: Methods and Applications Biomedicines mesenchymal stromal cells extracellular vesicles bioengineering strategies drug delivery |
| title | Bioengineered Mesenchymal-Stromal-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as an Improved Drug Delivery System: Methods and Applications |
| title_full | Bioengineered Mesenchymal-Stromal-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as an Improved Drug Delivery System: Methods and Applications |
| title_fullStr | Bioengineered Mesenchymal-Stromal-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as an Improved Drug Delivery System: Methods and Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioengineered Mesenchymal-Stromal-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as an Improved Drug Delivery System: Methods and Applications |
| title_short | Bioengineered Mesenchymal-Stromal-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as an Improved Drug Delivery System: Methods and Applications |
| title_sort | bioengineered mesenchymal stromal cell derived extracellular vesicles as an improved drug delivery system methods and applications |
| topic | mesenchymal stromal cells extracellular vesicles bioengineering strategies drug delivery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/4/1231 |
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