Harnessing <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG Trained Immunity to Control Human and Bovine Babesiosis
Babesiosis is a disease caused by tickborne hemoprotozoan apicomplexan parasites of the genus <i>Babesia</i> that negatively impacts public health and food security worldwide. Development of effective and sustainable vaccines against babesiosis is currently hindered in part by the absenc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/1/123 |
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| author | Reginaldo G. Bastos Heba F. Alzan Vignesh A. Rathinasamy Brian M. Cooke Odir A. Dellagostin Raúl G. Barletta Carlos E. Suarez |
| author_facet | Reginaldo G. Bastos Heba F. Alzan Vignesh A. Rathinasamy Brian M. Cooke Odir A. Dellagostin Raúl G. Barletta Carlos E. Suarez |
| author_sort | Reginaldo G. Bastos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Babesiosis is a disease caused by tickborne hemoprotozoan apicomplexan parasites of the genus <i>Babesia</i> that negatively impacts public health and food security worldwide. Development of effective and sustainable vaccines against babesiosis is currently hindered in part by the absence of definitive host correlates of protection. Despite that, studies in <i>Babesia microti</i> and <i>Babesia bovis</i>, major causative agents of human and bovine babesiosis, respectively, suggest that early activation of innate immune responses is crucial for vertebrates to survive acute infection. Trained immunity (TI) is defined as the development of memory in vertebrate innate immune cells, allowing more efficient responses to subsequent specific and non-specific challenges. Considering that <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a widely used anti-tuberculosis attenuated vaccine, induces strong TI pro-inflammatory responses, we hypothesize that BCG TI may protect vertebrates against acute babesiosis. This premise is supported by early investigations demonstrating that BCG inoculation protects mice against experimental <i>B. microti</i> infection and recent observations that BCG vaccination decreases the severity of malaria in children infected with <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, a <i>Babesia</i>-related parasite. We also discuss the potential use of TI in conjunction with recombinant BCG vaccines expressing <i>Babesia</i> immunogens. In conclusion, by concentrating on human and bovine babesiosis, herein we intend to raise awareness of BCG TI as a strategy to efficiently control <i>Babesia</i> infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:23:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ec88d45fc3c24e3685598f77aae5ab29 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:23:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec88d45fc3c24e3685598f77aae5ab292023-11-23T15:39:49ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-01-0110112310.3390/vaccines10010123Harnessing <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG Trained Immunity to Control Human and Bovine BabesiosisReginaldo G. Bastos0Heba F. Alzan1Vignesh A. Rathinasamy2Brian M. Cooke3Odir A. Dellagostin4Raúl G. Barletta5Carlos E. Suarez6Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USADepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USAAustralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, AustraliaAustralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, AustraliaCentro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, Rio Grande Do Sul, BrazilSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USAAnimal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USABabesiosis is a disease caused by tickborne hemoprotozoan apicomplexan parasites of the genus <i>Babesia</i> that negatively impacts public health and food security worldwide. Development of effective and sustainable vaccines against babesiosis is currently hindered in part by the absence of definitive host correlates of protection. Despite that, studies in <i>Babesia microti</i> and <i>Babesia bovis</i>, major causative agents of human and bovine babesiosis, respectively, suggest that early activation of innate immune responses is crucial for vertebrates to survive acute infection. Trained immunity (TI) is defined as the development of memory in vertebrate innate immune cells, allowing more efficient responses to subsequent specific and non-specific challenges. Considering that <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a widely used anti-tuberculosis attenuated vaccine, induces strong TI pro-inflammatory responses, we hypothesize that BCG TI may protect vertebrates against acute babesiosis. This premise is supported by early investigations demonstrating that BCG inoculation protects mice against experimental <i>B. microti</i> infection and recent observations that BCG vaccination decreases the severity of malaria in children infected with <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, a <i>Babesia</i>-related parasite. We also discuss the potential use of TI in conjunction with recombinant BCG vaccines expressing <i>Babesia</i> immunogens. In conclusion, by concentrating on human and bovine babesiosis, herein we intend to raise awareness of BCG TI as a strategy to efficiently control <i>Babesia</i> infection.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/1/123<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)trained immunityrecombinant BCG<i>Babesia</i> spp.<i>Babesia bovis</i><i>Babesia microti</i> |
| spellingShingle | Reginaldo G. Bastos Heba F. Alzan Vignesh A. Rathinasamy Brian M. Cooke Odir A. Dellagostin Raúl G. Barletta Carlos E. Suarez Harnessing <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG Trained Immunity to Control Human and Bovine Babesiosis Vaccines <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) trained immunity recombinant BCG <i>Babesia</i> spp. <i>Babesia bovis</i> <i>Babesia microti</i> |
| title | Harnessing <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG Trained Immunity to Control Human and Bovine Babesiosis |
| title_full | Harnessing <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG Trained Immunity to Control Human and Bovine Babesiosis |
| title_fullStr | Harnessing <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG Trained Immunity to Control Human and Bovine Babesiosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Harnessing <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG Trained Immunity to Control Human and Bovine Babesiosis |
| title_short | Harnessing <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG Trained Immunity to Control Human and Bovine Babesiosis |
| title_sort | harnessing i mycobacterium bovis i bcg trained immunity to control human and bovine babesiosis |
| topic | <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) trained immunity recombinant BCG <i>Babesia</i> spp. <i>Babesia bovis</i> <i>Babesia microti</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/1/123 |
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