Different salicylic acid treatments differentially act through the induction of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in wheat
Salicylic acid is a promising compound for the reduction of stress sensitivity in plants. Although several biochemical and physiological changes have been described in plants treated with salicylic acid, the mode of action of the various treatments has not yet been clarified. The present work report...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01447/full |
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| author | Orsolya Kinga Gondor Tibor Janda Vilmos Soós Magda Pál Imre Majláth Malay Kumar Adak Ervin Balázs Gabriella Szalai |
| author_facet | Orsolya Kinga Gondor Tibor Janda Vilmos Soós Magda Pál Imre Majláth Malay Kumar Adak Ervin Balázs Gabriella Szalai |
| author_sort | Orsolya Kinga Gondor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salicylic acid is a promising compound for the reduction of stress sensitivity in plants. Although several biochemical and physiological changes have been described in plants treated with salicylic acid, the mode of action of the various treatments has not yet been clarified. The present work reports a detailed comparative study on the effects of different modes of salicylic acid application at the physiological, metabolomic and transcriptomic levels. Seed soaking and hydroponic treatments were found to induce various changes in the protective mechanisms of wheat plants. The possible involvement of the flavonoid metabolism in salicylic acid-related stress signaling was also demonstrated. Different salicylic acid treatments were shown to induce different physiological and biochemical processes, with varying responses in the leaves and roots. Hydroponic treatment enhanced the level of oxidative stress, the expression of genes involved in the flavonoid metabolism and the amount of non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds, namely ortho-hydroxycinnamic acid and the flavonol quercetin in the leaves, while it decreased the ortho-hydroxycinnamic acid and flavonol contents and enhanced ascorbate peroxidase activity in the roots. In contrast, seed soaking only elevated the gene expression level of phenylalanine ammonia lyase in the roots and caused a slight increase in the amount of flavonols. These results draw attention to the fact that the effects of exogenous salicylic acid application cannot be generalized in different experimental systems and that the flavonoid metabolism may be an important part of the action mechanisms induced by salicylic acid. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:43:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ec8e37986020414daf1147c5abf0319a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:43:57Z |
| publishDate | 2016-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-ec8e37986020414daf1147c5abf0319a2022-12-22T01:17:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2016-09-01710.3389/fpls.2016.01447222723Different salicylic acid treatments differentially act through the induction of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in wheatOrsolya Kinga Gondor0Tibor Janda1Vilmos Soós2Magda Pál3Imre Majláth4Malay Kumar Adak5Ervin Balázs6Gabriella Szalai7Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesAgricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesAgricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesAgricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesAgricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesUniversity of KalyaniAgricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesAgricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesSalicylic acid is a promising compound for the reduction of stress sensitivity in plants. Although several biochemical and physiological changes have been described in plants treated with salicylic acid, the mode of action of the various treatments has not yet been clarified. The present work reports a detailed comparative study on the effects of different modes of salicylic acid application at the physiological, metabolomic and transcriptomic levels. Seed soaking and hydroponic treatments were found to induce various changes in the protective mechanisms of wheat plants. The possible involvement of the flavonoid metabolism in salicylic acid-related stress signaling was also demonstrated. Different salicylic acid treatments were shown to induce different physiological and biochemical processes, with varying responses in the leaves and roots. Hydroponic treatment enhanced the level of oxidative stress, the expression of genes involved in the flavonoid metabolism and the amount of non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds, namely ortho-hydroxycinnamic acid and the flavonol quercetin in the leaves, while it decreased the ortho-hydroxycinnamic acid and flavonol contents and enhanced ascorbate peroxidase activity in the roots. In contrast, seed soaking only elevated the gene expression level of phenylalanine ammonia lyase in the roots and caused a slight increase in the amount of flavonols. These results draw attention to the fact that the effects of exogenous salicylic acid application cannot be generalized in different experimental systems and that the flavonoid metabolism may be an important part of the action mechanisms induced by salicylic acid.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01447/fullFlavonoidsGene ExpressionSalicylic Acidwheatseed soakinghydroponic treatment |
| spellingShingle | Orsolya Kinga Gondor Tibor Janda Vilmos Soós Magda Pál Imre Majláth Malay Kumar Adak Ervin Balázs Gabriella Szalai Different salicylic acid treatments differentially act through the induction of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in wheat Frontiers in Plant Science Flavonoids Gene Expression Salicylic Acid wheat seed soaking hydroponic treatment |
| title | Different salicylic acid treatments differentially act through the induction of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in wheat |
| title_full | Different salicylic acid treatments differentially act through the induction of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in wheat |
| title_fullStr | Different salicylic acid treatments differentially act through the induction of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in wheat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Different salicylic acid treatments differentially act through the induction of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in wheat |
| title_short | Different salicylic acid treatments differentially act through the induction of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in wheat |
| title_sort | different salicylic acid treatments differentially act through the induction of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in wheat |
| topic | Flavonoids Gene Expression Salicylic Acid wheat seed soaking hydroponic treatment |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01447/full |
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