Effects of Different Levels of Physical Damage Combined with Fungal Induction on Agarwood Formation
As wild <i>Aquilaria sinensis</i> resources are exhausted and protected, China has established a huge number of plantations of <i>Aquilaria</i> trees and developed artificial induction techniques. However, the current output and quality of artificial induction technology have...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/15/1/168 |
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| author | Weiwei Zhao Xiaochen Song Zaizhi Zhou Gaofeng Liu Qingqing Zhang Shengjiang Pang |
| author_facet | Weiwei Zhao Xiaochen Song Zaizhi Zhou Gaofeng Liu Qingqing Zhang Shengjiang Pang |
| author_sort | Weiwei Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As wild <i>Aquilaria sinensis</i> resources are exhausted and protected, China has established a huge number of plantations of <i>Aquilaria</i> trees and developed artificial induction techniques. However, the current output and quality of artificial induction technology have not yet met the expected results. It has been found that high-oil-containing agarwood may contain particular fungal stains associated with agarwood production. To enhance the quality of agarwood, we recovered and characterized three highly active fungi from high-oil-containing agarwood and inoculated them onto <i>A. sinensis</i> trees using two traditional physical methods. The results showed that fungi extracted from high-oil-containing agarwood can effectively increase the yield and quality of agarwood. During the agarwood formation process, parenchyma cells, xylem rays, and axial parenchyma cells in the xylem gradually undergo apoptosis, thereby promoting the expansion of the color range of agarwood. Nine months after the treatment, the alcohol-soluble extract content in agarwood reached the standard specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (10%), and the proportions of sesquiterpenes and chromones in each treatment were 55.82%, 58.31%, 62.65%, 70.97%, and 13.71%, respectively. These results indicate that fungal induction has a positive impact on the quality of agarwood. In addition, compared to drilling and fungus combined induction, “burning holes and fungi” combined induction demonstrates better results and can further improve the yield and quality of agarwood. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:55:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ec9c662fbfc241f3a056244acddb1baf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:55:45Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ec9c662fbfc241f3a056244acddb1baf2024-01-26T16:34:32ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072024-01-0115116810.3390/f15010168Effects of Different Levels of Physical Damage Combined with Fungal Induction on Agarwood FormationWeiwei Zhao0Xiaochen Song1Zaizhi Zhou2Gaofeng Liu3Qingqing Zhang4Shengjiang Pang5Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, ChinaJiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330013, ChinaResearch Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, ChinaResearch Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, ChinaResearch Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, ChinaExperimental Centre of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang 532600, ChinaAs wild <i>Aquilaria sinensis</i> resources are exhausted and protected, China has established a huge number of plantations of <i>Aquilaria</i> trees and developed artificial induction techniques. However, the current output and quality of artificial induction technology have not yet met the expected results. It has been found that high-oil-containing agarwood may contain particular fungal stains associated with agarwood production. To enhance the quality of agarwood, we recovered and characterized three highly active fungi from high-oil-containing agarwood and inoculated them onto <i>A. sinensis</i> trees using two traditional physical methods. The results showed that fungi extracted from high-oil-containing agarwood can effectively increase the yield and quality of agarwood. During the agarwood formation process, parenchyma cells, xylem rays, and axial parenchyma cells in the xylem gradually undergo apoptosis, thereby promoting the expansion of the color range of agarwood. Nine months after the treatment, the alcohol-soluble extract content in agarwood reached the standard specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (10%), and the proportions of sesquiterpenes and chromones in each treatment were 55.82%, 58.31%, 62.65%, 70.97%, and 13.71%, respectively. These results indicate that fungal induction has a positive impact on the quality of agarwood. In addition, compared to drilling and fungus combined induction, “burning holes and fungi” combined induction demonstrates better results and can further improve the yield and quality of agarwood.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/15/1/168fungal strainsresinsinclusionsmicrostructurevolatile components |
| spellingShingle | Weiwei Zhao Xiaochen Song Zaizhi Zhou Gaofeng Liu Qingqing Zhang Shengjiang Pang Effects of Different Levels of Physical Damage Combined with Fungal Induction on Agarwood Formation Forests fungal strains resins inclusions microstructure volatile components |
| title | Effects of Different Levels of Physical Damage Combined with Fungal Induction on Agarwood Formation |
| title_full | Effects of Different Levels of Physical Damage Combined with Fungal Induction on Agarwood Formation |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Different Levels of Physical Damage Combined with Fungal Induction on Agarwood Formation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Different Levels of Physical Damage Combined with Fungal Induction on Agarwood Formation |
| title_short | Effects of Different Levels of Physical Damage Combined with Fungal Induction on Agarwood Formation |
| title_sort | effects of different levels of physical damage combined with fungal induction on agarwood formation |
| topic | fungal strains resins inclusions microstructure volatile components |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/15/1/168 |
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