Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskites: Optically Active Crystal Phase Stability to Surface Engineering
Among perovskites, the research on cesium lead iodides (CsPbI<sub>3</sub>) has attracted a large research community, owing to their all-inorganic nature and promising solar cell performance. Typically, the CsPbI<sub>3</sub> solar cell devices are prepared at various heterojun...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Micromachines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/8/1318 |
| _version_ | 1797443395353837568 |
|---|---|
| author | Yixi Wang Hairong Zhao Marek Piotrowski Xiao Han Zhongsheng Ge Lizhuang Dong Chengjie Wang Sowjanya Krishna Pinisetty Praveen Kumar Balguri Anil Kumar Bandela Udayabhaskararao Thumu |
| author_facet | Yixi Wang Hairong Zhao Marek Piotrowski Xiao Han Zhongsheng Ge Lizhuang Dong Chengjie Wang Sowjanya Krishna Pinisetty Praveen Kumar Balguri Anil Kumar Bandela Udayabhaskararao Thumu |
| author_sort | Yixi Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Among perovskites, the research on cesium lead iodides (CsPbI<sub>3</sub>) has attracted a large research community, owing to their all-inorganic nature and promising solar cell performance. Typically, the CsPbI<sub>3</sub> solar cell devices are prepared at various heterojunctions, and working at fluctuating temperatures raises questions on the material stability-related performance of such devices. The fundamental studies reveal that their poor stability is due to a lower side deviation from Goldschmidt’s tolerance factor, causing weak chemical interactions within the crystal lattice. In the case of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, where their stability is related to the inherent chemical nature of the organic cations, which cannot be manipulated to improve the stability drastically whereas the stability of CsPbI<sub>3</sub> is related to surface and lattice engineering. Thus, the challenges posed by CsPbI<sub>3</sub> could be overcome by engineering the surface and inside the CsPbI<sub>3</sub> crystal lattice. A few solutions have been proposed, including controlled crystal sizes, surface modifications, and lattice engineering. Various research groups have been working on these aspects and had accumulated a rich understanding of these materials. In this review, at first, we survey the fundamental aspects of CsPbI<sub>3</sub> polymorphs structure, highlighting the superiority of CsPbI<sub>3</sub> over other halide systems, stability, the factors (temperature, polarity, and size influence) leading to their phase transformations, and electronic band structure along with the important property of the defect tolerance nature. Fortunately, the factors stabilizing the most effective phases are achieved through a size reduction and the efficient surface passivation on the delicate CsPbI<sub>3</sub> nanocrystal surfaces. In the following section, we have provided the up-to-date surface passivating methods to suppress the non-radiative process for near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield, while maintaining their optically active phases, especially through molecular links (ligands, polymers, zwitterions, polymers) and inorganic halides. We have also provided recent advances to the efficient synthetic protocols for optically active CsPbI<sub>3</sub> NC phases to use readily for solar cell applications. The nanocrystal purification techniques are challenging and had a significant effect on the device performances. In part, we summarized the CsPbI<sub>3</sub>-related solar cell device performances with respect to the device fabrication methods. At the end, we provide a brief outlook on the view of surface and lattice engineering in CsPbI<sub>3</sub> NCs for advancing the enhanced stability which is crucial for superior optical and light applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:55:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eca134da9a7c48f0b604ecc73aea38ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:55:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-eca134da9a7c48f0b604ecc73aea38ce2023-11-30T22:00:50ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2022-08-01138131810.3390/mi13081318Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskites: Optically Active Crystal Phase Stability to Surface EngineeringYixi Wang0Hairong Zhao1Marek Piotrowski2Xiao Han3Zhongsheng Ge4Lizhuang Dong5Chengjie Wang6Sowjanya Krishna Pinisetty7Praveen Kumar Balguri8Anil Kumar Bandela9Udayabhaskararao Thumu10Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaInstitute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaInstitute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaInstitute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaInstitute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaInstitute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaInstitute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaInstitute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaDepartment of Aeronautical Engineering, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Hyderabad 500043, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, IsraelInstitute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaAmong perovskites, the research on cesium lead iodides (CsPbI<sub>3</sub>) has attracted a large research community, owing to their all-inorganic nature and promising solar cell performance. Typically, the CsPbI<sub>3</sub> solar cell devices are prepared at various heterojunctions, and working at fluctuating temperatures raises questions on the material stability-related performance of such devices. The fundamental studies reveal that their poor stability is due to a lower side deviation from Goldschmidt’s tolerance factor, causing weak chemical interactions within the crystal lattice. In the case of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, where their stability is related to the inherent chemical nature of the organic cations, which cannot be manipulated to improve the stability drastically whereas the stability of CsPbI<sub>3</sub> is related to surface and lattice engineering. Thus, the challenges posed by CsPbI<sub>3</sub> could be overcome by engineering the surface and inside the CsPbI<sub>3</sub> crystal lattice. A few solutions have been proposed, including controlled crystal sizes, surface modifications, and lattice engineering. Various research groups have been working on these aspects and had accumulated a rich understanding of these materials. In this review, at first, we survey the fundamental aspects of CsPbI<sub>3</sub> polymorphs structure, highlighting the superiority of CsPbI<sub>3</sub> over other halide systems, stability, the factors (temperature, polarity, and size influence) leading to their phase transformations, and electronic band structure along with the important property of the defect tolerance nature. Fortunately, the factors stabilizing the most effective phases are achieved through a size reduction and the efficient surface passivation on the delicate CsPbI<sub>3</sub> nanocrystal surfaces. In the following section, we have provided the up-to-date surface passivating methods to suppress the non-radiative process for near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield, while maintaining their optically active phases, especially through molecular links (ligands, polymers, zwitterions, polymers) and inorganic halides. We have also provided recent advances to the efficient synthetic protocols for optically active CsPbI<sub>3</sub> NC phases to use readily for solar cell applications. The nanocrystal purification techniques are challenging and had a significant effect on the device performances. In part, we summarized the CsPbI<sub>3</sub>-related solar cell device performances with respect to the device fabrication methods. At the end, we provide a brief outlook on the view of surface and lattice engineering in CsPbI<sub>3</sub> NCs for advancing the enhanced stability which is crucial for superior optical and light applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/8/1318cesium lead iodidessolar cellperovskite stabilitysurface engineeringperovskite crystal structuresCsPbI<sub>3</sub> NCs |
| spellingShingle | Yixi Wang Hairong Zhao Marek Piotrowski Xiao Han Zhongsheng Ge Lizhuang Dong Chengjie Wang Sowjanya Krishna Pinisetty Praveen Kumar Balguri Anil Kumar Bandela Udayabhaskararao Thumu Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskites: Optically Active Crystal Phase Stability to Surface Engineering Micromachines cesium lead iodides solar cell perovskite stability surface engineering perovskite crystal structures CsPbI<sub>3</sub> NCs |
| title | Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskites: Optically Active Crystal Phase Stability to Surface Engineering |
| title_full | Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskites: Optically Active Crystal Phase Stability to Surface Engineering |
| title_fullStr | Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskites: Optically Active Crystal Phase Stability to Surface Engineering |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskites: Optically Active Crystal Phase Stability to Surface Engineering |
| title_short | Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskites: Optically Active Crystal Phase Stability to Surface Engineering |
| title_sort | cesium lead iodide perovskites optically active crystal phase stability to surface engineering |
| topic | cesium lead iodides solar cell perovskite stability surface engineering perovskite crystal structures CsPbI<sub>3</sub> NCs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/8/1318 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yixiwang cesiumleadiodideperovskitesopticallyactivecrystalphasestabilitytosurfaceengineering AT hairongzhao cesiumleadiodideperovskitesopticallyactivecrystalphasestabilitytosurfaceengineering AT marekpiotrowski cesiumleadiodideperovskitesopticallyactivecrystalphasestabilitytosurfaceengineering AT xiaohan cesiumleadiodideperovskitesopticallyactivecrystalphasestabilitytosurfaceengineering AT zhongshengge cesiumleadiodideperovskitesopticallyactivecrystalphasestabilitytosurfaceengineering AT lizhuangdong cesiumleadiodideperovskitesopticallyactivecrystalphasestabilitytosurfaceengineering AT chengjiewang cesiumleadiodideperovskitesopticallyactivecrystalphasestabilitytosurfaceengineering AT sowjanyakrishnapinisetty cesiumleadiodideperovskitesopticallyactivecrystalphasestabilitytosurfaceengineering AT praveenkumarbalguri cesiumleadiodideperovskitesopticallyactivecrystalphasestabilitytosurfaceengineering AT anilkumarbandela cesiumleadiodideperovskitesopticallyactivecrystalphasestabilitytosurfaceengineering AT udayabhaskararaothumu cesiumleadiodideperovskitesopticallyactivecrystalphasestabilitytosurfaceengineering |