Determining the Minimum Scan Step of an Electronically Scanned Antenna
Introduction. Electronically scanned antennas (ESA) appeared about a century ago. Although the methods of their design and production have been sufficiently studied, some individual parameters are yet to be revealed. One of such parameters is the minimum step of movement, along with a related parame...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Russian |
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Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI"
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Известия высших учебных заведений России: Радиоэлектроника |
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| Online Access: | https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/487 |
| _version_ | 1797874508680396800 |
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| author | M. D. Parnes |
| author_facet | M. D. Parnes |
| author_sort | M. D. Parnes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction. Electronically scanned antennas (ESA) appeared about a century ago. Although the methods of their design and production have been sufficiently studied, some individual parameters are yet to be revealed. One of such parameters is the minimum step of movement, along with a related parameter – the accuracy of beam alignment in a given direction. From the electrodynamic problem of radiation, it is obvious that the step is associated with the number of radiators and the accuracy of phase adjustment in analogue phase shifters, or with the quantization step in the case of using phase shifters with a discrete step.Aim. To discover a connection between the design parameters of ESA and the step of beam steering; to investigate the dependence between the step and the parameters of the phase shifter and types of beam forming phased array circuits; to create a mathematical apparatus for calculating the minimum step of beam movement for the sum and difference radiation patterns.Materials and methods. Analytical relations were determined for calculating the step depending on the geometric dimensions and location of the radiators. A software application was developed for calculating radiation patterns. A software and hardware complex was designed for beam control of an experimental C-band ESA.Results. A method was developed for calculating the minimum step of ESA scanning. Mathematical relations for calculating the minimum step and accuracy of the ESA beam setting were obtained. A comparison of the experimental and theoretical data on the minimum step of movement of the sum and difference beams of a C-band ESA with the ratio D/λ=10 in the X coordinate and D/λ=5 in the Y coordinate showed good agreement.Conclusion. The created mathematical apparatus makes it possible to calculate the minimum step of electron beam scanning with sufficient accuracy. The experimentally measured steps of the beam movement for an array of 144 elements confirmed the obtained analytical relationships. In an ESA with a small number of elements (N < 10), the minimum step of movement can be variable. The theoretically achievable minimum step of beam movement is determined by the phase shift of the least significant bit of the phase shifter and the electrical length of the antenna aperture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T01:33:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-eca3b66998254bea83bdc41298b268e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1993-8985 2658-4794 |
| language | Russian |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T01:33:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI" |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Известия высших учебных заведений России: Радиоэлектроника |
| spelling | doaj.art-eca3b66998254bea83bdc41298b268e92023-03-13T09:20:24ZrusSaint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI"Известия высших учебных заведений России: Радиоэлектроника1993-89852658-47942021-02-01241152110.32603/1993-8985-2021-24-1-15-21372Determining the Minimum Scan Step of an Electronically Scanned AntennaM. D. Parnes0ООО "Резонанс"Introduction. Electronically scanned antennas (ESA) appeared about a century ago. Although the methods of their design and production have been sufficiently studied, some individual parameters are yet to be revealed. One of such parameters is the minimum step of movement, along with a related parameter – the accuracy of beam alignment in a given direction. From the electrodynamic problem of radiation, it is obvious that the step is associated with the number of radiators and the accuracy of phase adjustment in analogue phase shifters, or with the quantization step in the case of using phase shifters with a discrete step.Aim. To discover a connection between the design parameters of ESA and the step of beam steering; to investigate the dependence between the step and the parameters of the phase shifter and types of beam forming phased array circuits; to create a mathematical apparatus for calculating the minimum step of beam movement for the sum and difference radiation patterns.Materials and methods. Analytical relations were determined for calculating the step depending on the geometric dimensions and location of the radiators. A software application was developed for calculating radiation patterns. A software and hardware complex was designed for beam control of an experimental C-band ESA.Results. A method was developed for calculating the minimum step of ESA scanning. Mathematical relations for calculating the minimum step and accuracy of the ESA beam setting were obtained. A comparison of the experimental and theoretical data on the minimum step of movement of the sum and difference beams of a C-band ESA with the ratio D/λ=10 in the X coordinate and D/λ=5 in the Y coordinate showed good agreement.Conclusion. The created mathematical apparatus makes it possible to calculate the minimum step of electron beam scanning with sufficient accuracy. The experimentally measured steps of the beam movement for an array of 144 elements confirmed the obtained analytical relationships. In an ESA with a small number of elements (N < 10), the minimum step of movement can be variable. The theoretically achievable minimum step of beam movement is determined by the phase shift of the least significant bit of the phase shifter and the electrical length of the antenna aperture.https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/487сканирование электронноефазированная антенная решеткафазовращателиквантование фазышаг движения луча |
| spellingShingle | M. D. Parnes Determining the Minimum Scan Step of an Electronically Scanned Antenna Известия высших учебных заведений России: Радиоэлектроника сканирование электронное фазированная антенная решетка фазовращатели квантование фазы шаг движения луча |
| title | Determining the Minimum Scan Step of an Electronically Scanned Antenna |
| title_full | Determining the Minimum Scan Step of an Electronically Scanned Antenna |
| title_fullStr | Determining the Minimum Scan Step of an Electronically Scanned Antenna |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determining the Minimum Scan Step of an Electronically Scanned Antenna |
| title_short | Determining the Minimum Scan Step of an Electronically Scanned Antenna |
| title_sort | determining the minimum scan step of an electronically scanned antenna |
| topic | сканирование электронное фазированная антенная решетка фазовращатели квантование фазы шаг движения луча |
| url | https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/487 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mdparnes determiningtheminimumscanstepofanelectronicallyscannedantenna |