Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides: Genetic Regulation of Their Synthesis and Relevance in Symbiosis with Legumes
Rhizobia are soil proteobacteria able to engage in a nitrogen-fixing symbiotic interaction with legumes that involves the rhizobial infection of roots and the bacterial invasion of new organs formed by the plant in response to the presence of appropriate bacterial partners. This interaction relies o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/12/6233 |
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| author | Sebastián Acosta-Jurado Francisco Fuentes-Romero Jose-Enrique Ruiz-Sainz Monika Janczarek José-María Vinardell |
| author_facet | Sebastián Acosta-Jurado Francisco Fuentes-Romero Jose-Enrique Ruiz-Sainz Monika Janczarek José-María Vinardell |
| author_sort | Sebastián Acosta-Jurado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rhizobia are soil proteobacteria able to engage in a nitrogen-fixing symbiotic interaction with legumes that involves the rhizobial infection of roots and the bacterial invasion of new organs formed by the plant in response to the presence of appropriate bacterial partners. This interaction relies on a complex molecular dialogue between both symbionts. Bacterial <i>N</i>-acetyl-glucosamine oligomers called Nod factors are indispensable in most cases for early steps of the symbiotic interaction. In addition, different rhizobial surface polysaccharides, such as exopolysaccharides (EPS), may also be symbiotically relevant. EPS are acidic polysaccharides located out of the cell with little or no cell association that carry out important roles both in free-life and in symbiosis. EPS production is very complexly modulated and, frequently, co-regulated with Nod factors, but the type of co-regulation varies depending on the rhizobial strain. Many studies point out a signalling role for EPS-derived oligosaccharides in root infection and nodule invasion but, in certain symbiotic couples, EPS can be dispensable for a successful interaction. In summary, the complex regulation of the production of rhizobial EPS varies in different rhizobia, and the relevance of this polysaccharide in symbiosis with legumes depends on the specific interacting couple. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:34:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ecb1286f17fe43ba98836cbec9c9bd98 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:34:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ecb1286f17fe43ba98836cbec9c9bd982023-11-21T23:25:12ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-06-012212623310.3390/ijms22126233Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides: Genetic Regulation of Their Synthesis and Relevance in Symbiosis with LegumesSebastián Acosta-Jurado0Francisco Fuentes-Romero1Jose-Enrique Ruiz-Sainz2Monika Janczarek3José-María Vinardell4Department of Microbiology, University of Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, SpainDepartment of Microbiology, University of Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, SpainDepartment of Microbiology, University of Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, SpainDepartment of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Microbiology, University of Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, SpainRhizobia are soil proteobacteria able to engage in a nitrogen-fixing symbiotic interaction with legumes that involves the rhizobial infection of roots and the bacterial invasion of new organs formed by the plant in response to the presence of appropriate bacterial partners. This interaction relies on a complex molecular dialogue between both symbionts. Bacterial <i>N</i>-acetyl-glucosamine oligomers called Nod factors are indispensable in most cases for early steps of the symbiotic interaction. In addition, different rhizobial surface polysaccharides, such as exopolysaccharides (EPS), may also be symbiotically relevant. EPS are acidic polysaccharides located out of the cell with little or no cell association that carry out important roles both in free-life and in symbiosis. EPS production is very complexly modulated and, frequently, co-regulated with Nod factors, but the type of co-regulation varies depending on the rhizobial strain. Many studies point out a signalling role for EPS-derived oligosaccharides in root infection and nodule invasion but, in certain symbiotic couples, EPS can be dispensable for a successful interaction. In summary, the complex regulation of the production of rhizobial EPS varies in different rhizobia, and the relevance of this polysaccharide in symbiosis with legumes depends on the specific interacting couple.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/12/6233rhizobialegumerhizobium–legume symbiosisexopolysaccharide synthesisquorum sensing (QS)nodulation |
| spellingShingle | Sebastián Acosta-Jurado Francisco Fuentes-Romero Jose-Enrique Ruiz-Sainz Monika Janczarek José-María Vinardell Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides: Genetic Regulation of Their Synthesis and Relevance in Symbiosis with Legumes International Journal of Molecular Sciences rhizobia legume rhizobium–legume symbiosis exopolysaccharide synthesis quorum sensing (QS) nodulation |
| title | Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides: Genetic Regulation of Their Synthesis and Relevance in Symbiosis with Legumes |
| title_full | Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides: Genetic Regulation of Their Synthesis and Relevance in Symbiosis with Legumes |
| title_fullStr | Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides: Genetic Regulation of Their Synthesis and Relevance in Symbiosis with Legumes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides: Genetic Regulation of Their Synthesis and Relevance in Symbiosis with Legumes |
| title_short | Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides: Genetic Regulation of Their Synthesis and Relevance in Symbiosis with Legumes |
| title_sort | rhizobial exopolysaccharides genetic regulation of their synthesis and relevance in symbiosis with legumes |
| topic | rhizobia legume rhizobium–legume symbiosis exopolysaccharide synthesis quorum sensing (QS) nodulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/12/6233 |
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