The intestine plays a substantial role in human vitamin B6 metabolism: a Caco-2 cell model.
BACKGROUND: Vitamin B6 is present in various forms (vitamers) in the diet that need to be metabolized to pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), the active cofactor form of vitamin B6. In literature, the liver has been reported to be the major site for this conversion, whereas the exact role of the intestine rem...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2013-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3544708?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1819014475676647424 |
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| author | Monique Albersen Marjolein Bosma Nine V V A M Knoers Berna H B de Ruiter Eugène F Diekman Jessica de Ruijter Wouter F Visser Tom J de Koning Nanda M Verhoeven-Duif |
| author_facet | Monique Albersen Marjolein Bosma Nine V V A M Knoers Berna H B de Ruiter Eugène F Diekman Jessica de Ruijter Wouter F Visser Tom J de Koning Nanda M Verhoeven-Duif |
| author_sort | Monique Albersen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BACKGROUND: Vitamin B6 is present in various forms (vitamers) in the diet that need to be metabolized to pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), the active cofactor form of vitamin B6. In literature, the liver has been reported to be the major site for this conversion, whereas the exact role of the intestine remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To gain insight into the role of the intestine in human vitamin B6 metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of the enzymes pyridoxal kinase (PK), pyridox(am)ine phosphate oxidase (PNPO) and PLP-phosphatase was determined in Caco-2 cells and in lysates of human intestine. Vitamin B6 uptake, conversion and excretion were studied in polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers. B6 vitamer concentrations (pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL), PLP, pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxamine phosphate (PMP)) and pyridoxic acid (PA) were quantified by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) using stable isotope-labeled internal standards. RESULTS: The enzymatic system involved in vitamin B6 metabolism (PK, PNPO and PLP-phosphatase) is fully expressed in Caco-2 cells as well as in human intestine. We show uptake of PN, PM and PL by Caco-2 cells, conversion of PN and PM into PL and excretion of all three unphosphorylated B6 vitamers. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate, in a Caco-2 cell model, that the intestine plays a substantial role in human vitamin B6 metabolism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T02:16:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ecb17a6321e44639acc700d73b65319e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T02:16:26Z |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-ecb17a6321e44639acc700d73b65319e2022-12-21T19:19:15ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032013-01-0181e5411310.1371/journal.pone.0054113The intestine plays a substantial role in human vitamin B6 metabolism: a Caco-2 cell model.Monique AlbersenMarjolein BosmaNine V V A M KnoersBerna H B de RuiterEugène F DiekmanJessica de RuijterWouter F VisserTom J de KoningNanda M Verhoeven-DuifBACKGROUND: Vitamin B6 is present in various forms (vitamers) in the diet that need to be metabolized to pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), the active cofactor form of vitamin B6. In literature, the liver has been reported to be the major site for this conversion, whereas the exact role of the intestine remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To gain insight into the role of the intestine in human vitamin B6 metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of the enzymes pyridoxal kinase (PK), pyridox(am)ine phosphate oxidase (PNPO) and PLP-phosphatase was determined in Caco-2 cells and in lysates of human intestine. Vitamin B6 uptake, conversion and excretion were studied in polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers. B6 vitamer concentrations (pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL), PLP, pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxamine phosphate (PMP)) and pyridoxic acid (PA) were quantified by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) using stable isotope-labeled internal standards. RESULTS: The enzymatic system involved in vitamin B6 metabolism (PK, PNPO and PLP-phosphatase) is fully expressed in Caco-2 cells as well as in human intestine. We show uptake of PN, PM and PL by Caco-2 cells, conversion of PN and PM into PL and excretion of all three unphosphorylated B6 vitamers. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate, in a Caco-2 cell model, that the intestine plays a substantial role in human vitamin B6 metabolism.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3544708?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Monique Albersen Marjolein Bosma Nine V V A M Knoers Berna H B de Ruiter Eugène F Diekman Jessica de Ruijter Wouter F Visser Tom J de Koning Nanda M Verhoeven-Duif The intestine plays a substantial role in human vitamin B6 metabolism: a Caco-2 cell model. PLoS ONE |
| title | The intestine plays a substantial role in human vitamin B6 metabolism: a Caco-2 cell model. |
| title_full | The intestine plays a substantial role in human vitamin B6 metabolism: a Caco-2 cell model. |
| title_fullStr | The intestine plays a substantial role in human vitamin B6 metabolism: a Caco-2 cell model. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The intestine plays a substantial role in human vitamin B6 metabolism: a Caco-2 cell model. |
| title_short | The intestine plays a substantial role in human vitamin B6 metabolism: a Caco-2 cell model. |
| title_sort | intestine plays a substantial role in human vitamin b6 metabolism a caco 2 cell model |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3544708?pdf=render |
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