Effects of Soil Aeration and Fertilization Practices on Alleviating Iron Deficiency Chlorosis in “Huangguan” Pears Grafted onto Quince A in Calcareous Soils
In North China, the high-quality pear cultivar “Huangguan” (<i>Pyrus bretschneideri</i> Rehd. cv), which is grafted onto dwarf quince A (<i>Cydonia oblonga</i> Mill. cv) rootstock and grown in calcareous soil, experiences severe iron (Fe) deficiency; this deficiency greatly c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-07-01
|
| Series: | Horticulturae |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/7/172 |
| _version_ | 1797527066119241728 |
|---|---|
| author | Yanyan Zhao Haigang Li Mingde Sun Zhenxu Liang Futong Yu Fei Li Songzhong Liu |
| author_facet | Yanyan Zhao Haigang Li Mingde Sun Zhenxu Liang Futong Yu Fei Li Songzhong Liu |
| author_sort | Yanyan Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In North China, the high-quality pear cultivar “Huangguan” (<i>Pyrus bretschneideri</i> Rehd. cv), which is grafted onto dwarf quince A (<i>Cydonia oblonga</i> Mill. cv) rootstock and grown in calcareous soil, experiences severe iron (Fe) deficiency; this deficiency greatly constrains tree growth as well as fruit yield and quality. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of six practices for alleviating chlorosis caused by Fe deficiency in “Huangguan” grafted onto quince A (HG-QA). The practices included ridging with landscape fabric mulching as a control, flattening with landscape fabric mulching (FM), ridging without landscape fabric mulching (R), flattening without landscape fabric mulching (F), Fe fertilizer application in soil (SFe), foliar Fe application (FFe), and manure application (M). The results showed that the leaf Fe concentration increased by 356% under FFe, compared to that under the control, but the practice failed to alleviate Fe deficiency chlorosis. In contrast, an increase in leaf Fe concentration and chlorosis alleviation were observed under F. F alleviated chlorosis mainly by increasing the root ferric-chelate reductase activity. These results indicate that Fe uptake and utilization in leaves are independent biochemical processes and soil aeration improvement have positive effect on increasing Fe uptake. M improved both the soil active Fe concentration and leaf Fe utilization. Thus, manure application should be the first choice for alleviating Fe deficiency chlorosis in HG-QA grown in calcareous soils. Combining manure application with other practices that increase Fe uptake would likely be an effective way to address the problem of Fe deficiency chlorosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:38:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ecd0c66632ca4f51b293e276cf8ce611 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:38:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-ecd0c66632ca4f51b293e276cf8ce6112023-11-22T03:53:27ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242021-07-017717210.3390/horticulturae7070172Effects of Soil Aeration and Fertilization Practices on Alleviating Iron Deficiency Chlorosis in “Huangguan” Pears Grafted onto Quince A in Calcareous SoilsYanyan Zhao0Haigang Li1Mingde Sun2Zhenxu Liang3Futong Yu4Fei Li5Songzhong Liu6Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing 100093, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing 100093, ChinaCollege of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing 100093, ChinaIn North China, the high-quality pear cultivar “Huangguan” (<i>Pyrus bretschneideri</i> Rehd. cv), which is grafted onto dwarf quince A (<i>Cydonia oblonga</i> Mill. cv) rootstock and grown in calcareous soil, experiences severe iron (Fe) deficiency; this deficiency greatly constrains tree growth as well as fruit yield and quality. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of six practices for alleviating chlorosis caused by Fe deficiency in “Huangguan” grafted onto quince A (HG-QA). The practices included ridging with landscape fabric mulching as a control, flattening with landscape fabric mulching (FM), ridging without landscape fabric mulching (R), flattening without landscape fabric mulching (F), Fe fertilizer application in soil (SFe), foliar Fe application (FFe), and manure application (M). The results showed that the leaf Fe concentration increased by 356% under FFe, compared to that under the control, but the practice failed to alleviate Fe deficiency chlorosis. In contrast, an increase in leaf Fe concentration and chlorosis alleviation were observed under F. F alleviated chlorosis mainly by increasing the root ferric-chelate reductase activity. These results indicate that Fe uptake and utilization in leaves are independent biochemical processes and soil aeration improvement have positive effect on increasing Fe uptake. M improved both the soil active Fe concentration and leaf Fe utilization. Thus, manure application should be the first choice for alleviating Fe deficiency chlorosis in HG-QA grown in calcareous soils. Combining manure application with other practices that increase Fe uptake would likely be an effective way to address the problem of Fe deficiency chlorosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/7/172pearsFe deficiencyfertilizationchlorosis alleviationcalcareous soil |
| spellingShingle | Yanyan Zhao Haigang Li Mingde Sun Zhenxu Liang Futong Yu Fei Li Songzhong Liu Effects of Soil Aeration and Fertilization Practices on Alleviating Iron Deficiency Chlorosis in “Huangguan” Pears Grafted onto Quince A in Calcareous Soils Horticulturae pears Fe deficiency fertilization chlorosis alleviation calcareous soil |
| title | Effects of Soil Aeration and Fertilization Practices on Alleviating Iron Deficiency Chlorosis in “Huangguan” Pears Grafted onto Quince A in Calcareous Soils |
| title_full | Effects of Soil Aeration and Fertilization Practices on Alleviating Iron Deficiency Chlorosis in “Huangguan” Pears Grafted onto Quince A in Calcareous Soils |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Soil Aeration and Fertilization Practices on Alleviating Iron Deficiency Chlorosis in “Huangguan” Pears Grafted onto Quince A in Calcareous Soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Soil Aeration and Fertilization Practices on Alleviating Iron Deficiency Chlorosis in “Huangguan” Pears Grafted onto Quince A in Calcareous Soils |
| title_short | Effects of Soil Aeration and Fertilization Practices on Alleviating Iron Deficiency Chlorosis in “Huangguan” Pears Grafted onto Quince A in Calcareous Soils |
| title_sort | effects of soil aeration and fertilization practices on alleviating iron deficiency chlorosis in huangguan pears grafted onto quince a in calcareous soils |
| topic | pears Fe deficiency fertilization chlorosis alleviation calcareous soil |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/7/172 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yanyanzhao effectsofsoilaerationandfertilizationpracticesonalleviatingirondeficiencychlorosisinhuangguanpearsgraftedontoquinceaincalcareoussoils AT haigangli effectsofsoilaerationandfertilizationpracticesonalleviatingirondeficiencychlorosisinhuangguanpearsgraftedontoquinceaincalcareoussoils AT mingdesun effectsofsoilaerationandfertilizationpracticesonalleviatingirondeficiencychlorosisinhuangguanpearsgraftedontoquinceaincalcareoussoils AT zhenxuliang effectsofsoilaerationandfertilizationpracticesonalleviatingirondeficiencychlorosisinhuangguanpearsgraftedontoquinceaincalcareoussoils AT futongyu effectsofsoilaerationandfertilizationpracticesonalleviatingirondeficiencychlorosisinhuangguanpearsgraftedontoquinceaincalcareoussoils AT feili effectsofsoilaerationandfertilizationpracticesonalleviatingirondeficiencychlorosisinhuangguanpearsgraftedontoquinceaincalcareoussoils AT songzhongliu effectsofsoilaerationandfertilizationpracticesonalleviatingirondeficiencychlorosisinhuangguanpearsgraftedontoquinceaincalcareoussoils |