Different Roles of Apoptosis and Autophagy in the Development of Human Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major life-threatening malignancy, despite numerous therapeutic and screening attempts. Apoptosis and autophagy are two processes that share common signaling pathways, are linked by functional relationships and have similar protein components. During the development...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/12/10201 |
| _version_ | 1797594311534051328 |
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| author | Giulia Orlandi Luca Roncucci Gianluca Carnevale Paola Sena |
| author_facet | Giulia Orlandi Luca Roncucci Gianluca Carnevale Paola Sena |
| author_sort | Giulia Orlandi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major life-threatening malignancy, despite numerous therapeutic and screening attempts. Apoptosis and autophagy are two processes that share common signaling pathways, are linked by functional relationships and have similar protein components. During the development of cancer, the two processes can trigger simultaneously in the same cell, causing, in some cases, an inhibition of autophagy by apoptosis or apoptosis by autophagy. Malignant cells that have accumulated genetic alterations can take advantage of any alterations in the apoptotic process and as a result, progress easily in the cancerous transformation. Autophagy often plays a suppressive role during the initial stages of carcinogenicity, while in the later stages of cancer development it can play a promoting role. It is extremely important to determine the regulation of this duality of autophagy in the development of CRC and to identify the molecules involved, as well as the signals and the mechanisms behind it. All the reported experimental results indicate that, while the antagonistic effects of autophagy and apoptosis occur in an adverse environment characterized by deprivation of oxygen and nutrients, leading to the formation and development of CRC, the effects of promotion and collaboration usually involve an auxiliary role of autophagy compared to apoptosis. In this review, we elucidate the different roles of autophagy and apoptosis in human CRC development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:21:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ecd814790ec6409d91c6f26e98b73c93 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:21:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ecd814790ec6409d91c6f26e98b73c932023-11-18T10:50:11ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-06-0124121020110.3390/ijms241210201Different Roles of Apoptosis and Autophagy in the Development of Human Colorectal CancerGiulia Orlandi0Luca Roncucci1Gianluca Carnevale2Paola Sena3Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, ItalyColorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major life-threatening malignancy, despite numerous therapeutic and screening attempts. Apoptosis and autophagy are two processes that share common signaling pathways, are linked by functional relationships and have similar protein components. During the development of cancer, the two processes can trigger simultaneously in the same cell, causing, in some cases, an inhibition of autophagy by apoptosis or apoptosis by autophagy. Malignant cells that have accumulated genetic alterations can take advantage of any alterations in the apoptotic process and as a result, progress easily in the cancerous transformation. Autophagy often plays a suppressive role during the initial stages of carcinogenicity, while in the later stages of cancer development it can play a promoting role. It is extremely important to determine the regulation of this duality of autophagy in the development of CRC and to identify the molecules involved, as well as the signals and the mechanisms behind it. All the reported experimental results indicate that, while the antagonistic effects of autophagy and apoptosis occur in an adverse environment characterized by deprivation of oxygen and nutrients, leading to the formation and development of CRC, the effects of promotion and collaboration usually involve an auxiliary role of autophagy compared to apoptosis. In this review, we elucidate the different roles of autophagy and apoptosis in human CRC development.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/12/10201human colorectal cancerapoptosisautophagyoxidative stressnon-coding-RNAp53 |
| spellingShingle | Giulia Orlandi Luca Roncucci Gianluca Carnevale Paola Sena Different Roles of Apoptosis and Autophagy in the Development of Human Colorectal Cancer International Journal of Molecular Sciences human colorectal cancer apoptosis autophagy oxidative stress non-coding-RNA p53 |
| title | Different Roles of Apoptosis and Autophagy in the Development of Human Colorectal Cancer |
| title_full | Different Roles of Apoptosis and Autophagy in the Development of Human Colorectal Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Different Roles of Apoptosis and Autophagy in the Development of Human Colorectal Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Different Roles of Apoptosis and Autophagy in the Development of Human Colorectal Cancer |
| title_short | Different Roles of Apoptosis and Autophagy in the Development of Human Colorectal Cancer |
| title_sort | different roles of apoptosis and autophagy in the development of human colorectal cancer |
| topic | human colorectal cancer apoptosis autophagy oxidative stress non-coding-RNA p53 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/12/10201 |
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