Recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancer
Abstract Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers in males and the fifth leading reason of death. Age, ethnicity, family history, and genetic defects are major factors that determine the aggressiveness and lethality of PC. The African population is at the highest risk of developing hig...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Experimental Hematology & Oncology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40164-023-00444-9 |
| _version_ | 1797577631458131968 |
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| author | Ganji Lakshmi Varaprasad Vivek Kumar Gupta Kiran Prasad Eunsu Kim Mandava Bhuvan Tej Pratik Mohanty Henu Kumar Verma Ganji Seeta Rama Raju LVKS Bhaskar Yun Suk Huh |
| author_facet | Ganji Lakshmi Varaprasad Vivek Kumar Gupta Kiran Prasad Eunsu Kim Mandava Bhuvan Tej Pratik Mohanty Henu Kumar Verma Ganji Seeta Rama Raju LVKS Bhaskar Yun Suk Huh |
| author_sort | Ganji Lakshmi Varaprasad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers in males and the fifth leading reason of death. Age, ethnicity, family history, and genetic defects are major factors that determine the aggressiveness and lethality of PC. The African population is at the highest risk of developing high-grade PC. It can be challenging to distinguish between low-risk and high-risk patients due to the slow progression of PC. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a revolutionary discovery for the identification of PC. However, it has led to an increase in over diagnosis and over treatment of PC in the past few decades. Even if modifications are made to the standard PSA testing, the specificity has not been found to be significant. Our understanding of PC genetics and proteomics has improved due to advances in different fields. New serum, urine, and tissue biomarkers, such as PC antigen 3 (PCA3), have led to various new diagnostic tests, such as the prostate health index, 4K score, and PCA3. These tests significantly reduce the number of unnecessary and repeat biopsies performed. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and prostatectomy are standard treatment options. However, newer novel hormone therapy drugs with a better response have been identified. Androgen deprivation and hormonal therapy are evolving as new and better options for managing hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant PC. This review aimed to highlight and discuss epidemiology, various risk factors, and developments in PC diagnosis and treatment regimens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:11:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ecde403b3d8e4a04a705694e8f14c142 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2162-3619 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:11:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Experimental Hematology & Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ecde403b3d8e4a04a705694e8f14c1422023-11-19T12:36:04ZengBMCExperimental Hematology & Oncology2162-36192023-09-0112112410.1186/s40164-023-00444-9Recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancerGanji Lakshmi Varaprasad0Vivek Kumar Gupta1Kiran Prasad2Eunsu Kim3Mandava Bhuvan Tej4Pratik Mohanty5Henu Kumar Verma6Ganji Seeta Rama Raju7LVKS Bhaskar8Yun Suk Huh9Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha UniversityDepartment of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha UniversityDepartment of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas VishwavidyalayaDepartment of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha UniversityDepartment of Health Care Informatics, Sacred Heart UniversityDepartment of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas VishwavidyalayaDepartment of Immunopathology, Institute of Lungs Health and Immunity, Helmholtz ZentrumDepartment of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-SeoulDepartment of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas VishwavidyalayaDepartment of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha UniversityAbstract Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers in males and the fifth leading reason of death. Age, ethnicity, family history, and genetic defects are major factors that determine the aggressiveness and lethality of PC. The African population is at the highest risk of developing high-grade PC. It can be challenging to distinguish between low-risk and high-risk patients due to the slow progression of PC. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a revolutionary discovery for the identification of PC. However, it has led to an increase in over diagnosis and over treatment of PC in the past few decades. Even if modifications are made to the standard PSA testing, the specificity has not been found to be significant. Our understanding of PC genetics and proteomics has improved due to advances in different fields. New serum, urine, and tissue biomarkers, such as PC antigen 3 (PCA3), have led to various new diagnostic tests, such as the prostate health index, 4K score, and PCA3. These tests significantly reduce the number of unnecessary and repeat biopsies performed. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and prostatectomy are standard treatment options. However, newer novel hormone therapy drugs with a better response have been identified. Androgen deprivation and hormonal therapy are evolving as new and better options for managing hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant PC. This review aimed to highlight and discuss epidemiology, various risk factors, and developments in PC diagnosis and treatment regimens.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40164-023-00444-9Prostate cancerRisk factorsDiagnosisTreatmentQuality of life |
| spellingShingle | Ganji Lakshmi Varaprasad Vivek Kumar Gupta Kiran Prasad Eunsu Kim Mandava Bhuvan Tej Pratik Mohanty Henu Kumar Verma Ganji Seeta Rama Raju LVKS Bhaskar Yun Suk Huh Recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancer Experimental Hematology & Oncology Prostate cancer Risk factors Diagnosis Treatment Quality of life |
| title | Recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancer |
| title_full | Recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancer |
| title_fullStr | Recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancer |
| title_short | Recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancer |
| title_sort | recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancer |
| topic | Prostate cancer Risk factors Diagnosis Treatment Quality of life |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40164-023-00444-9 |
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