The Influence of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Rifai T-22 and Other Biostimulants on Rhizosphere Beneficial Microorganisms of Carrot
The principles of good agricultural and horticultural practice, which consider both giving environmental protection and high yielding of plants, require modern cultivation methods. Modern cultivation of horticultural plants uses, for example, cover crops, living mulches, plant growth-promoting micro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1637 |
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| author | Elżbieta Patkowska Elżbieta Mielniczuk Agnieszka Jamiołkowska Barbara Skwaryło-Bednarz Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak |
| author_facet | Elżbieta Patkowska Elżbieta Mielniczuk Agnieszka Jamiołkowska Barbara Skwaryło-Bednarz Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak |
| author_sort | Elżbieta Patkowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The principles of good agricultural and horticultural practice, which consider both giving environmental protection and high yielding of plants, require modern cultivation methods. Modern cultivation of horticultural plants uses, for example, cover crops, living mulches, plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs), plant growth regulators (PGRs) and other biostimulants protecting the soil against degradation and plants against phytopathogens and stress. The purpose of field and laboratory studies was to determine the effect of Trianum P (containing <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Rifai T-22 spores), Beta-Chikol (a.s.—chitosan), Timorex Gold 24 EC (based on tea tree oil) and fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS (a.s.—tiuram 75%) on the health of carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i> L.) plants and the microorganism population in the rhizosphere of this plant. Moreover, the antagonistic effect of rhizosphere fungi on selected carrot fungal pathogens was determined. Laboratory mycological analysis allowed one to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of fungi colonizing the underground parts of carrot plants. In addition, the total population of fungi and bacteria was determined (including <i>Bacillus</i> sp. and <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp.) based on the microbiological analysis of the rhizosphere soil. The application of the plant growth-promoting fungus (<i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> T-22), chitosan and tea tree oil positively influenced the growth, development and health status of carrot plants. <i>T. harzianum</i> T-22, chitosan and fungicide most effectively protected carrots against infection by soil-borne fungi from the genus <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Haematonectria</i>, <i>Sclerotinia</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia</i>. The rhizosphere population of <i>Bacillus</i> sp. and <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. in the treatments with Trianum P or Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS was bigger than in the other experimental treatments. A reverse relationship was observed in the population of rhizosphere fungi. <i>T. harzianum</i> T-22, chitosan and tea tree oil promoted the growth of antagonistic fungi (<i>Albifimbria</i> sp., <i>Clonostachys</i> sp., <i>Penicillium</i> sp., <i>Talaromyces</i> sp. and <i>Trichoderma</i> sp.) in the carrot rhizosphere. Antagonistic activity of these fungi towards <i>Alternaria dauci</i>, <i>Alternaria radicina, Sclerotinia</i><i>sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> was higher after the application of the preparations compared to control. Consequently, Trianum P, Beta-Chikol and Timorex Gold 24 EC can be recommended as plant biostimulants in ecological agricultural production, including <i>Daucus carota</i> cultivation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:23:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ece00b3faa3b4a45b0f37e8a31c55e50 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:23:10Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-ece00b3faa3b4a45b0f37e8a31c55e502023-11-20T18:22:01ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-10-011011163710.3390/agronomy10111637The Influence of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Rifai T-22 and Other Biostimulants on Rhizosphere Beneficial Microorganisms of CarrotElżbieta Patkowska0Elżbieta Mielniczuk1Agnieszka Jamiołkowska2Barbara Skwaryło-Bednarz3Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak4Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-069 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-069 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-069 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-069 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Cultivation and Nutrition of Plants, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-069 Lublin, PolandThe principles of good agricultural and horticultural practice, which consider both giving environmental protection and high yielding of plants, require modern cultivation methods. Modern cultivation of horticultural plants uses, for example, cover crops, living mulches, plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs), plant growth regulators (PGRs) and other biostimulants protecting the soil against degradation and plants against phytopathogens and stress. The purpose of field and laboratory studies was to determine the effect of Trianum P (containing <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Rifai T-22 spores), Beta-Chikol (a.s.—chitosan), Timorex Gold 24 EC (based on tea tree oil) and fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS (a.s.—tiuram 75%) on the health of carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i> L.) plants and the microorganism population in the rhizosphere of this plant. Moreover, the antagonistic effect of rhizosphere fungi on selected carrot fungal pathogens was determined. Laboratory mycological analysis allowed one to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of fungi colonizing the underground parts of carrot plants. In addition, the total population of fungi and bacteria was determined (including <i>Bacillus</i> sp. and <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp.) based on the microbiological analysis of the rhizosphere soil. The application of the plant growth-promoting fungus (<i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> T-22), chitosan and tea tree oil positively influenced the growth, development and health status of carrot plants. <i>T. harzianum</i> T-22, chitosan and fungicide most effectively protected carrots against infection by soil-borne fungi from the genus <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Haematonectria</i>, <i>Sclerotinia</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia</i>. The rhizosphere population of <i>Bacillus</i> sp. and <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. in the treatments with Trianum P or Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS was bigger than in the other experimental treatments. A reverse relationship was observed in the population of rhizosphere fungi. <i>T. harzianum</i> T-22, chitosan and tea tree oil promoted the growth of antagonistic fungi (<i>Albifimbria</i> sp., <i>Clonostachys</i> sp., <i>Penicillium</i> sp., <i>Talaromyces</i> sp. and <i>Trichoderma</i> sp.) in the carrot rhizosphere. Antagonistic activity of these fungi towards <i>Alternaria dauci</i>, <i>Alternaria radicina, Sclerotinia</i><i>sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> was higher after the application of the preparations compared to control. Consequently, Trianum P, Beta-Chikol and Timorex Gold 24 EC can be recommended as plant biostimulants in ecological agricultural production, including <i>Daucus carota</i> cultivation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1637PGPMs (plant growth-promoting microorganisms)chitosantee tree oilplant biostimulantssoil-borne phytopathogensantagonistic fungi |
| spellingShingle | Elżbieta Patkowska Elżbieta Mielniczuk Agnieszka Jamiołkowska Barbara Skwaryło-Bednarz Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak The Influence of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Rifai T-22 and Other Biostimulants on Rhizosphere Beneficial Microorganisms of Carrot Agronomy PGPMs (plant growth-promoting microorganisms) chitosan tee tree oil plant biostimulants soil-borne phytopathogens antagonistic fungi |
| title | The Influence of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Rifai T-22 and Other Biostimulants on Rhizosphere Beneficial Microorganisms of Carrot |
| title_full | The Influence of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Rifai T-22 and Other Biostimulants on Rhizosphere Beneficial Microorganisms of Carrot |
| title_fullStr | The Influence of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Rifai T-22 and Other Biostimulants on Rhizosphere Beneficial Microorganisms of Carrot |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Rifai T-22 and Other Biostimulants on Rhizosphere Beneficial Microorganisms of Carrot |
| title_short | The Influence of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Rifai T-22 and Other Biostimulants on Rhizosphere Beneficial Microorganisms of Carrot |
| title_sort | influence of i trichoderma harzianum i rifai t 22 and other biostimulants on rhizosphere beneficial microorganisms of carrot |
| topic | PGPMs (plant growth-promoting microorganisms) chitosan tee tree oil plant biostimulants soil-borne phytopathogens antagonistic fungi |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1637 |
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