Wastewater Treatment System Optimization for Sustainable Operation of the SHARON–Anammox Process under Varying Carbon/Nitrogen Loadings
Partial nitritation (PN) coupled with the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process has improved ammonium removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The operation conditions of this process, i.e., the dissolved oxygen (DO) and the influent ammonium and nitrite concentrations, drive the pro...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/22/4015 |
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| author | Paulina Vilela Kijeon Nam Changkyoo Yoo |
| author_facet | Paulina Vilela Kijeon Nam Changkyoo Yoo |
| author_sort | Paulina Vilela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Partial nitritation (PN) coupled with the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process has improved ammonium removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The operation conditions of this process, i.e., the dissolved oxygen (DO) and the influent ammonium and nitrite concentrations, drive the process to an equilibrium to suppress nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and achieve a proper nitrite over ammonium (NO<sub>2</sub>/NH<sub>4</sub>) ratio. This study aimed to implement a set of control strategies in a WWTP model BSM2-SHAMX, combining PN in a single reactor system for high-activity ammonia removal over nitrite (SHARON) to an Anammox reactor, using proportional–integrative–derivative (PID) control and model predictive control (MPC) in a cascade. For correct coupling, the PN should maintain an output NO<sub>2</sub>/NH<sub>4</sub> ratio between 1 and 1.3, suitable for the Anammox process. In the cascade controller feedback loop, the primary control loop controls the NO<sub>2</sub>/NH<sub>4</sub> ratio through the DO concentration from the secondary control loop, which guarantees better effluent nitrogen removal. The performance of the plant was assessed by evaluating the control strategies with different influent carbon/nitrogen (C/N) loadings. The study results showed that the MPC controllers provided better results, with an improvement of 36% in the operational cost compared to the base case with a cost around 26,000 EUR/d, and better nitrogen removal surpassing 90% removal, 10% more than the base case. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:23:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ecf253b734ae406e850932d54781f403 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:23:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-ecf253b734ae406e850932d54781f4032023-11-24T15:11:38ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-11-011522401510.3390/w15224015Wastewater Treatment System Optimization for Sustainable Operation of the SHARON–Anammox Process under Varying Carbon/Nitrogen LoadingsPaulina Vilela0Kijeon Nam1Changkyoo Yoo2ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil 090112, EcuadorIntegrated Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of KoreaIntegrated Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of KoreaPartial nitritation (PN) coupled with the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process has improved ammonium removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The operation conditions of this process, i.e., the dissolved oxygen (DO) and the influent ammonium and nitrite concentrations, drive the process to an equilibrium to suppress nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and achieve a proper nitrite over ammonium (NO<sub>2</sub>/NH<sub>4</sub>) ratio. This study aimed to implement a set of control strategies in a WWTP model BSM2-SHAMX, combining PN in a single reactor system for high-activity ammonia removal over nitrite (SHARON) to an Anammox reactor, using proportional–integrative–derivative (PID) control and model predictive control (MPC) in a cascade. For correct coupling, the PN should maintain an output NO<sub>2</sub>/NH<sub>4</sub> ratio between 1 and 1.3, suitable for the Anammox process. In the cascade controller feedback loop, the primary control loop controls the NO<sub>2</sub>/NH<sub>4</sub> ratio through the DO concentration from the secondary control loop, which guarantees better effluent nitrogen removal. The performance of the plant was assessed by evaluating the control strategies with different influent carbon/nitrogen (C/N) loadings. The study results showed that the MPC controllers provided better results, with an improvement of 36% in the operational cost compared to the base case with a cost around 26,000 EUR/d, and better nitrogen removal surpassing 90% removal, 10% more than the base case.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/22/4015cascade control strategyresource recoverybenchmark modelpartial nitritationSHARONanammox process |
| spellingShingle | Paulina Vilela Kijeon Nam Changkyoo Yoo Wastewater Treatment System Optimization for Sustainable Operation of the SHARON–Anammox Process under Varying Carbon/Nitrogen Loadings Water cascade control strategy resource recovery benchmark model partial nitritation SHARON anammox process |
| title | Wastewater Treatment System Optimization for Sustainable Operation of the SHARON–Anammox Process under Varying Carbon/Nitrogen Loadings |
| title_full | Wastewater Treatment System Optimization for Sustainable Operation of the SHARON–Anammox Process under Varying Carbon/Nitrogen Loadings |
| title_fullStr | Wastewater Treatment System Optimization for Sustainable Operation of the SHARON–Anammox Process under Varying Carbon/Nitrogen Loadings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wastewater Treatment System Optimization for Sustainable Operation of the SHARON–Anammox Process under Varying Carbon/Nitrogen Loadings |
| title_short | Wastewater Treatment System Optimization for Sustainable Operation of the SHARON–Anammox Process under Varying Carbon/Nitrogen Loadings |
| title_sort | wastewater treatment system optimization for sustainable operation of the sharon anammox process under varying carbon nitrogen loadings |
| topic | cascade control strategy resource recovery benchmark model partial nitritation SHARON anammox process |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/22/4015 |
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