Ground Settlement Due to Tunneling in Cohesionless Soil
By the year 2035 it is estimated that Delhi and Mumbai will become two of the most populous cities around the globe. The massive population growth rate has led to the rise of land scarcity, urbanization, and industrialization and developments for rapid transit systems have made accordingly. Modern r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/7/3672 |
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| author | Mohammad Faraz Athar Md Rehan Sadique Abdullah H. Alsabhan Shamshad Alam |
| author_facet | Mohammad Faraz Athar Md Rehan Sadique Abdullah H. Alsabhan Shamshad Alam |
| author_sort | Mohammad Faraz Athar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | By the year 2035 it is estimated that Delhi and Mumbai will become two of the most populous cities around the globe. The massive population growth rate has led to the rise of land scarcity, urbanization, and industrialization and developments for rapid transit systems have made accordingly. Modern rapid transit systems comprise Metro rails and subways etc., and increase underground-construction activities. Nowadays, the tunnel-construction process heavily relies on massive machineries such as tunnelling-boring machines (TBM) and operations that produce great hindrance in the soil mass resulting in ground settlement at the surface. This study aimed to address these issues through small-scale laboratory experiments and further amplification to real-valued problems utilizing numerical methods. A cubic box of edge length 1 m made up of mild steel was generated to simulate a tunnelling operation and aluminum-made lining were used to simulate concrete tunnel linings. A finite element-based numerical investigation was done for a 2D elastoplastic numerical tunnel model with dimensions of 42 m × 42 m. Analysis was carried out on Optum G2 software. The analyzed variations in lining shapes of lining included circular, horseshoe, arch, elliptical, and square. Results showed that elliptical-shaped linings experienced the least ground settlement and these are recommended for places where surface settlement may cause major damage. It is also recommended that square-shaped linings should not be used in such situations due their higher settlement values. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:05:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ecfd6666f7af4b98ac75b8af54bc6b51 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:05:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ecfd6666f7af4b98ac75b8af54bc6b512023-11-30T22:58:57ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-04-01127367210.3390/app12073672Ground Settlement Due to Tunneling in Cohesionless SoilMohammad Faraz Athar0Md Rehan Sadique1Abdullah H. Alsabhan2Shamshad Alam3Department of Civil, Architecture Engineering & Construction Management, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USACivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaBy the year 2035 it is estimated that Delhi and Mumbai will become two of the most populous cities around the globe. The massive population growth rate has led to the rise of land scarcity, urbanization, and industrialization and developments for rapid transit systems have made accordingly. Modern rapid transit systems comprise Metro rails and subways etc., and increase underground-construction activities. Nowadays, the tunnel-construction process heavily relies on massive machineries such as tunnelling-boring machines (TBM) and operations that produce great hindrance in the soil mass resulting in ground settlement at the surface. This study aimed to address these issues through small-scale laboratory experiments and further amplification to real-valued problems utilizing numerical methods. A cubic box of edge length 1 m made up of mild steel was generated to simulate a tunnelling operation and aluminum-made lining were used to simulate concrete tunnel linings. A finite element-based numerical investigation was done for a 2D elastoplastic numerical tunnel model with dimensions of 42 m × 42 m. Analysis was carried out on Optum G2 software. The analyzed variations in lining shapes of lining included circular, horseshoe, arch, elliptical, and square. Results showed that elliptical-shaped linings experienced the least ground settlement and these are recommended for places where surface settlement may cause major damage. It is also recommended that square-shaped linings should not be used in such situations due their higher settlement values.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/7/3672tunnellingfinite-element methodsettlementphysical modelling |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Faraz Athar Md Rehan Sadique Abdullah H. Alsabhan Shamshad Alam Ground Settlement Due to Tunneling in Cohesionless Soil Applied Sciences tunnelling finite-element method settlement physical modelling |
| title | Ground Settlement Due to Tunneling in Cohesionless Soil |
| title_full | Ground Settlement Due to Tunneling in Cohesionless Soil |
| title_fullStr | Ground Settlement Due to Tunneling in Cohesionless Soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ground Settlement Due to Tunneling in Cohesionless Soil |
| title_short | Ground Settlement Due to Tunneling in Cohesionless Soil |
| title_sort | ground settlement due to tunneling in cohesionless soil |
| topic | tunnelling finite-element method settlement physical modelling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/7/3672 |
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