Evaluating the Potential for Cross-Interactions of Antitoxins in Type II TA Systems
The diversity of Type-II toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems in bacterial genomes requires tightly controlled interaction specificity to ensure protection of the cell, and potentially to limit cross-talk between toxin–antitoxin pairs of the same family of TA systems. Further, there is a redundant use of to...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-06-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/6/422 |
| _version_ | 1797564113892671488 |
|---|---|
| author | Chih-Han Tu Michelle Holt Shengfeng Ruan Christina Bourne |
| author_facet | Chih-Han Tu Michelle Holt Shengfeng Ruan Christina Bourne |
| author_sort | Chih-Han Tu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The diversity of Type-II toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems in bacterial genomes requires tightly controlled interaction specificity to ensure protection of the cell, and potentially to limit cross-talk between toxin–antitoxin pairs of the same family of TA systems. Further, there is a redundant use of toxin folds for different cellular targets and complexation with different classes of antitoxins, increasing the apparent requirement for the insulation of interactions. The presence of Type II TA systems has remained enigmatic with respect to potential benefits imparted to the host cells. In some cases, they play clear roles in survival associated with unfavorable growth conditions. More generally, they can also serve as a “cure” against acquisition of highly similar TA systems such as those found on plasmids or invading genetic elements that frequently carry virulence and resistance genes. The latter model is predicated on the ability of these highly specific cognate antitoxin–toxin interactions to form cross-reactions between chromosomal antitoxins and invading toxins. This review summarizes advances in the Type II TA system models with an emphasis on antitoxin cross-reactivity, including with invading genetic elements and cases where toxin proteins share a common fold yet interact with different families of antitoxins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:52:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed02eb95c69942b2bcdc6f804518bc07 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:52:50Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed02eb95c69942b2bcdc6f804518bc072023-11-20T05:00:48ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512020-06-0112642210.3390/toxins12060422Evaluating the Potential for Cross-Interactions of Antitoxins in Type II TA SystemsChih-Han Tu0Michelle Holt1Shengfeng Ruan2Christina Bourne3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USAThe diversity of Type-II toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems in bacterial genomes requires tightly controlled interaction specificity to ensure protection of the cell, and potentially to limit cross-talk between toxin–antitoxin pairs of the same family of TA systems. Further, there is a redundant use of toxin folds for different cellular targets and complexation with different classes of antitoxins, increasing the apparent requirement for the insulation of interactions. The presence of Type II TA systems has remained enigmatic with respect to potential benefits imparted to the host cells. In some cases, they play clear roles in survival associated with unfavorable growth conditions. More generally, they can also serve as a “cure” against acquisition of highly similar TA systems such as those found on plasmids or invading genetic elements that frequently carry virulence and resistance genes. The latter model is predicated on the ability of these highly specific cognate antitoxin–toxin interactions to form cross-reactions between chromosomal antitoxins and invading toxins. This review summarizes advances in the Type II TA system models with an emphasis on antitoxin cross-reactivity, including with invading genetic elements and cases where toxin proteins share a common fold yet interact with different families of antitoxins.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/6/422cognate interactionscross-interactionsmolecular insulationtoxinantitoxinTA systems |
| spellingShingle | Chih-Han Tu Michelle Holt Shengfeng Ruan Christina Bourne Evaluating the Potential for Cross-Interactions of Antitoxins in Type II TA Systems Toxins cognate interactions cross-interactions molecular insulation toxin antitoxin TA systems |
| title | Evaluating the Potential for Cross-Interactions of Antitoxins in Type II TA Systems |
| title_full | Evaluating the Potential for Cross-Interactions of Antitoxins in Type II TA Systems |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the Potential for Cross-Interactions of Antitoxins in Type II TA Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the Potential for Cross-Interactions of Antitoxins in Type II TA Systems |
| title_short | Evaluating the Potential for Cross-Interactions of Antitoxins in Type II TA Systems |
| title_sort | evaluating the potential for cross interactions of antitoxins in type ii ta systems |
| topic | cognate interactions cross-interactions molecular insulation toxin antitoxin TA systems |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/6/422 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chihhantu evaluatingthepotentialforcrossinteractionsofantitoxinsintypeiitasystems AT michelleholt evaluatingthepotentialforcrossinteractionsofantitoxinsintypeiitasystems AT shengfengruan evaluatingthepotentialforcrossinteractionsofantitoxinsintypeiitasystems AT christinabourne evaluatingthepotentialforcrossinteractionsofantitoxinsintypeiitasystems |