Exposure to ketamine anesthesia affects rat impulsive behavior
Introduction: Ketamine is a General Anesthetic that activates several neurotransmitter pathways in various part of the brain. The acute effects as general anesthetic are the most well-known and sought-after: to induce loss of responsiveness and to produce immobility during invasive procedures. Howev...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00226/full |
| _version_ | 1818997745277468672 |
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| author | António Melo António Melo Hugo Leite-Almeida Hugo Leite-Almeida Clara Ferreira Clara Ferreira Nuno Sousa Nuno Sousa José M Pêgo José M Pêgo |
| author_facet | António Melo António Melo Hugo Leite-Almeida Hugo Leite-Almeida Clara Ferreira Clara Ferreira Nuno Sousa Nuno Sousa José M Pêgo José M Pêgo |
| author_sort | António Melo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Ketamine is a General Anesthetic that activates several neurotransmitter pathways in various part of the brain. The acute effects as general anesthetic are the most well-known and sought-after: to induce loss of responsiveness and to produce immobility during invasive procedures. However, there is a concern that repeated exposure might induce behavioral changes that could outlast their acute effect. Most research in this field describes how GA affects cognition and memory. Our work is to access if general anesthesia with ketamine can disrupt the motivational behaviour trait, more specifically measuring impulsive behaviour.Methods: With the aim to evaluate the effects of exposure to repeat anesthetic procedures with ketamine in motivational behavior, we tested animals in a paradigm of impulsive behavior, the Variable Delay-to-Signal (VDS). In addition, accumbal and striatal medium spiny neurons morphology was assessed. Results: Our results demonstrated that previous exposure to ketamine deep-anesthesia affects inhibitory control (impulsive behavior). Specifically, ketamine exposed animals maintain a subnormal impulsive rate in the initial periods of the delays. However, and in longer delays while control animals progressively refrain their premature unrewarded actions, ketamine-exposed animals show a different profile of response with higher premature unrewarded actions in the last seconds. Animals exposed to multiple ketamine anesthesia also failed to show an increase in premature unrewarded actions between the initial and final periods of 3s delays. These behavioral alterations are paralleled by an increase in dendritic length of medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens.Conclusions: This demonstrates that ketamine anesthesia acutely affects impulsive behavior. Interestingly, it also opens up the prospect of using ketamine as an agent with the ability to modulate impulsivity trait. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T21:50:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed12dcb3b60f45b1936e92bb6df45d72 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5153 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T21:50:31Z |
| publishDate | 2016-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed12dcb3b60f45b1936e92bb6df45d722022-12-21T19:25:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience1662-51532016-11-011010.3389/fnbeh.2016.00226209602Exposure to ketamine anesthesia affects rat impulsive behaviorAntónio Melo0António Melo1Hugo Leite-Almeida2Hugo Leite-Almeida3Clara Ferreira4Clara Ferreira5Nuno Sousa6Nuno Sousa7José M Pêgo8José M Pêgo9School of Health Sciences, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of MinhoICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratorySchool of Health Sciences, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of MinhoICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratorySchool of Health Sciences, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of MinhoICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratorySchool of Health Sciences, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of MinhoICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratorySchool of Health Sciences, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of MinhoICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryIntroduction: Ketamine is a General Anesthetic that activates several neurotransmitter pathways in various part of the brain. The acute effects as general anesthetic are the most well-known and sought-after: to induce loss of responsiveness and to produce immobility during invasive procedures. However, there is a concern that repeated exposure might induce behavioral changes that could outlast their acute effect. Most research in this field describes how GA affects cognition and memory. Our work is to access if general anesthesia with ketamine can disrupt the motivational behaviour trait, more specifically measuring impulsive behaviour.Methods: With the aim to evaluate the effects of exposure to repeat anesthetic procedures with ketamine in motivational behavior, we tested animals in a paradigm of impulsive behavior, the Variable Delay-to-Signal (VDS). In addition, accumbal and striatal medium spiny neurons morphology was assessed. Results: Our results demonstrated that previous exposure to ketamine deep-anesthesia affects inhibitory control (impulsive behavior). Specifically, ketamine exposed animals maintain a subnormal impulsive rate in the initial periods of the delays. However, and in longer delays while control animals progressively refrain their premature unrewarded actions, ketamine-exposed animals show a different profile of response with higher premature unrewarded actions in the last seconds. Animals exposed to multiple ketamine anesthesia also failed to show an increase in premature unrewarded actions between the initial and final periods of 3s delays. These behavioral alterations are paralleled by an increase in dendritic length of medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens.Conclusions: This demonstrates that ketamine anesthesia acutely affects impulsive behavior. Interestingly, it also opens up the prospect of using ketamine as an agent with the ability to modulate impulsivity trait.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00226/fullDopamineImpulsive BehaviorKetamineNucleus AccumbensStriatumrat model |
| spellingShingle | António Melo António Melo Hugo Leite-Almeida Hugo Leite-Almeida Clara Ferreira Clara Ferreira Nuno Sousa Nuno Sousa José M Pêgo José M Pêgo Exposure to ketamine anesthesia affects rat impulsive behavior Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience Dopamine Impulsive Behavior Ketamine Nucleus Accumbens Striatum rat model |
| title | Exposure to ketamine anesthesia affects rat impulsive behavior |
| title_full | Exposure to ketamine anesthesia affects rat impulsive behavior |
| title_fullStr | Exposure to ketamine anesthesia affects rat impulsive behavior |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exposure to ketamine anesthesia affects rat impulsive behavior |
| title_short | Exposure to ketamine anesthesia affects rat impulsive behavior |
| title_sort | exposure to ketamine anesthesia affects rat impulsive behavior |
| topic | Dopamine Impulsive Behavior Ketamine Nucleus Accumbens Striatum rat model |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00226/full |
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