Study of Kinetic Freeze-Out Parameters as a Function of Rapidity in pp Collisions at CERN SPS Energies
We used the blast wave model with the Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics and analyzed the experimental data measured by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration in inelastic (INEL) proton–proton collisions at different rapidity slices at different center-of-mass energies. The particles used in this study were <inlin...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/10/1363 |
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| author | Muhammad Waqas Huai-Min Chen Guang-Xiong Peng Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail Muhammad Ajaz Zafar Wazir Ramoona Shehzadi Sabiha Jamal Atef AbdelKader |
| author_facet | Muhammad Waqas Huai-Min Chen Guang-Xiong Peng Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail Muhammad Ajaz Zafar Wazir Ramoona Shehzadi Sabiha Jamal Atef AbdelKader |
| author_sort | Muhammad Waqas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We used the blast wave model with the Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics and analyzed the experimental data measured by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration in inelastic (INEL) proton–proton collisions at different rapidity slices at different center-of-mass energies. The particles used in this study were <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mover accent="true"><mi>p</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></semantics></math></inline-formula>. We extracted the kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, and kinetic freeze-out volume from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. We observed that the kinetic freeze-out temperature is rapidity and energy dependent, while the transverse flow velocity does not depend on them. Furthermore, we observed that the kinetic freeze-out volume is energy dependent, but it remains constant with changing the rapidity. We also observed that all three parameters are mass dependent. In addition, with the increase of mass, the kinetic freeze-out temperature increases, and the transverse flow velocity, as well as kinetic freeze-out volume decrease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:35:10Z |
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| id | doaj.art-ed17445b0eeb45bd8c8b6518390b12a3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:35:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ed17445b0eeb45bd8c8b6518390b12a32023-11-22T18:11:55ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002021-10-012310136310.3390/e23101363Study of Kinetic Freeze-Out Parameters as a Function of Rapidity in pp Collisions at CERN SPS EnergiesMuhammad Waqas0Huai-Min Chen1Guang-Xiong Peng2Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail3Muhammad Ajaz4Zafar Wazir5Ramoona Shehzadi6Sabiha Jamal7Atef AbdelKader8School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSchool of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSchool of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaDepartment of Mathematics and Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Physics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanDepartment of Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, PakistanDepartment of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Mathematics and Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab EmiratesWe used the blast wave model with the Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics and analyzed the experimental data measured by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration in inelastic (INEL) proton–proton collisions at different rapidity slices at different center-of-mass energies. The particles used in this study were <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mover accent="true"><mi>p</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></semantics></math></inline-formula>. We extracted the kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, and kinetic freeze-out volume from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. We observed that the kinetic freeze-out temperature is rapidity and energy dependent, while the transverse flow velocity does not depend on them. Furthermore, we observed that the kinetic freeze-out volume is energy dependent, but it remains constant with changing the rapidity. We also observed that all three parameters are mass dependent. In addition, with the increase of mass, the kinetic freeze-out temperature increases, and the transverse flow velocity, as well as kinetic freeze-out volume decrease.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/10/1363rapiditytransverse momentum spectrakinetic freeze-out temperaturetransverse flow velocitykinetic freeze-out volume |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Waqas Huai-Min Chen Guang-Xiong Peng Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail Muhammad Ajaz Zafar Wazir Ramoona Shehzadi Sabiha Jamal Atef AbdelKader Study of Kinetic Freeze-Out Parameters as a Function of Rapidity in pp Collisions at CERN SPS Energies Entropy rapidity transverse momentum spectra kinetic freeze-out temperature transverse flow velocity kinetic freeze-out volume |
| title | Study of Kinetic Freeze-Out Parameters as a Function of Rapidity in pp Collisions at CERN SPS Energies |
| title_full | Study of Kinetic Freeze-Out Parameters as a Function of Rapidity in pp Collisions at CERN SPS Energies |
| title_fullStr | Study of Kinetic Freeze-Out Parameters as a Function of Rapidity in pp Collisions at CERN SPS Energies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of Kinetic Freeze-Out Parameters as a Function of Rapidity in pp Collisions at CERN SPS Energies |
| title_short | Study of Kinetic Freeze-Out Parameters as a Function of Rapidity in pp Collisions at CERN SPS Energies |
| title_sort | study of kinetic freeze out parameters as a function of rapidity in pp collisions at cern sps energies |
| topic | rapidity transverse momentum spectra kinetic freeze-out temperature transverse flow velocity kinetic freeze-out volume |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/10/1363 |
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