| Summary: | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study is to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of chicken <it>Calpain3 </it>(<it>CAPN3</it>) gene and to analyze the potential association between <it>CAPN3 </it>gene polymorphisms and carcass traits in chickens. We screened <it>CAPN3 </it>single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 307 meat-type quality chicken from 5 commercial pure lines (S01, S02, S03, S05, and D99) and 4 native breeds from Guangdong Province (Huiyang Huxu chicken and Qingyuan Ma chicken) and Sichuan Province (Caoke chicken and Shandi Black-bone chicken), China.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two SNPs (11818T>A and 12814T>G) were detected by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method and were verified by DNA sequencing. Association analysis showed that the 12814T>G genotypes were significantly associated with body weight (BW), carcass weight (CW), breast muscle weight (BMW), and leg muscle weight (LMW). Haplotypes constructed on the two SNPs (H1, TG; H2, TT; H3, AG; and H4, AT) were associated with BW, CW (<it>P </it>< 0.05), eviscerated percentage (EP), semi-eviscerated percentage (SEP), breast muscle percentage (BMP), and leg muscle percentage (LMP) (<it>P </it>< 0.01). Diplotype H1H2 was dominant for BW, CW, and LMP, and H2H2 was dominant for EP, SEP, and BMP.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We speculated that the <it>CAPN3 </it>gene was a major gene affecting chicken muscle growth and carcass traits or it was linked with the major gene(s). Diplotypes H1H2 and H2H2 might be advantageous for carcass traits.</p>
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