Bioimpedance Vector References Need to Be Period-Specific for Assessing Body Composition and Cellular Health in Elite Soccer Players: A Brief Report
Purpose: Bioimpedance data through bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) is used to evaluate cellular function and body fluid content. This study aimed to (i) identify whether BIVA patters differ according to the competitive period and (ii) provide specific references for assessing bioelectric propert...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/5/4/73 |
| _version_ | 1797552036861968384 |
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| author | Tindaro Bongiovanni Gabriele Mascherini Federico Genovesi Giulio Pasta Fedon Marcello Iaia Athos Trecroci Marco Ventimiglia Giampietro Alberti Francesco Campa |
| author_facet | Tindaro Bongiovanni Gabriele Mascherini Federico Genovesi Giulio Pasta Fedon Marcello Iaia Athos Trecroci Marco Ventimiglia Giampietro Alberti Francesco Campa |
| author_sort | Tindaro Bongiovanni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: Bioimpedance data through bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) is used to evaluate cellular function and body fluid content. This study aimed to (i) identify whether BIVA patters differ according to the competitive period and (ii) provide specific references for assessing bioelectric properties at the start of the season in male elite soccer players. Methods: The study included 131 male soccer players (age: 25.1 ± 4.7 yr, height: 183.4 ± 6.1 cm, weight: 79.3 ± 6.6) registered in the first Italian soccer division (Serie A). Bioimpedance analysis was performed just before the start of the competitive season and BIVA was applied. In order to verify the need for period-specific references, bioelectrical values measured at the start of the season were compared to the reference values for the male elite soccer player population. Results: The results of the two-sample Hotelling T<sup>2</sup> tests showed that in the bivariate interpretation of the raw bioimpedance parameters (resistance (R) and reactance (Xc)) the bioelectric properties significantly (T<sup>2</sup> = 15.3, F = 7.6, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001, Mahalanobis D = 0.45) differ between the two phases of the competition analyzed. In particular, the mean impedance vector is more displaced to the left into the R-Xc graph at the beginning of the season than in the first half of the championship. Conclusions: For an accurate evaluation of body composition and cellular health, the tolerance ellipses displayed by BIVA approach into the R-Xc graph must be period-specific. This study provides new specific tolerance ellipses (R/H: 246 ± 32.1, Xc/H: 34.3 ± 5.1, r: 0.7) for performing BIVA at the beginning of the competitive season in male elite soccer players. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:54:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed245d3ad820454288c5f3fb551f215d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2411-5142 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:54:25Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed245d3ad820454288c5f3fb551f215d2023-11-20T15:50:31ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology2411-51422020-10-015473010.3390/jfmk5040073Bioimpedance Vector References Need to Be Period-Specific for Assessing Body Composition and Cellular Health in Elite Soccer Players: A Brief ReportTindaro Bongiovanni0Gabriele Mascherini1Federico Genovesi2Giulio Pasta3Fedon Marcello Iaia4Athos Trecroci5Marco Ventimiglia6Giampietro Alberti7Francesco Campa8Department of Health, Performance and Recovery, Parma Calcio 1913, 40121 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50139 Florence, ItalyMedical Department Manchester City Football Club, Manchester 03101, UKMedical Department Parma Calcio 1913, 40121 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, ItalyInflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, A.O.O.R. Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, ItalyDepartment for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, ItalyPurpose: Bioimpedance data through bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) is used to evaluate cellular function and body fluid content. This study aimed to (i) identify whether BIVA patters differ according to the competitive period and (ii) provide specific references for assessing bioelectric properties at the start of the season in male elite soccer players. Methods: The study included 131 male soccer players (age: 25.1 ± 4.7 yr, height: 183.4 ± 6.1 cm, weight: 79.3 ± 6.6) registered in the first Italian soccer division (Serie A). Bioimpedance analysis was performed just before the start of the competitive season and BIVA was applied. In order to verify the need for period-specific references, bioelectrical values measured at the start of the season were compared to the reference values for the male elite soccer player population. Results: The results of the two-sample Hotelling T<sup>2</sup> tests showed that in the bivariate interpretation of the raw bioimpedance parameters (resistance (R) and reactance (Xc)) the bioelectric properties significantly (T<sup>2</sup> = 15.3, F = 7.6, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001, Mahalanobis D = 0.45) differ between the two phases of the competition analyzed. In particular, the mean impedance vector is more displaced to the left into the R-Xc graph at the beginning of the season than in the first half of the championship. Conclusions: For an accurate evaluation of body composition and cellular health, the tolerance ellipses displayed by BIVA approach into the R-Xc graph must be period-specific. This study provides new specific tolerance ellipses (R/H: 246 ± 32.1, Xc/H: 34.3 ± 5.1, r: 0.7) for performing BIVA at the beginning of the competitive season in male elite soccer players.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/5/4/73BIVAphase angleR-Xc graphtolerance ellipses |
| spellingShingle | Tindaro Bongiovanni Gabriele Mascherini Federico Genovesi Giulio Pasta Fedon Marcello Iaia Athos Trecroci Marco Ventimiglia Giampietro Alberti Francesco Campa Bioimpedance Vector References Need to Be Period-Specific for Assessing Body Composition and Cellular Health in Elite Soccer Players: A Brief Report Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology BIVA phase angle R-Xc graph tolerance ellipses |
| title | Bioimpedance Vector References Need to Be Period-Specific for Assessing Body Composition and Cellular Health in Elite Soccer Players: A Brief Report |
| title_full | Bioimpedance Vector References Need to Be Period-Specific for Assessing Body Composition and Cellular Health in Elite Soccer Players: A Brief Report |
| title_fullStr | Bioimpedance Vector References Need to Be Period-Specific for Assessing Body Composition and Cellular Health in Elite Soccer Players: A Brief Report |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioimpedance Vector References Need to Be Period-Specific for Assessing Body Composition and Cellular Health in Elite Soccer Players: A Brief Report |
| title_short | Bioimpedance Vector References Need to Be Period-Specific for Assessing Body Composition and Cellular Health in Elite Soccer Players: A Brief Report |
| title_sort | bioimpedance vector references need to be period specific for assessing body composition and cellular health in elite soccer players a brief report |
| topic | BIVA phase angle R-Xc graph tolerance ellipses |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/5/4/73 |
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