In Vitro Evaluation of Antiprotozoal Properties, Cytotoxicity Effect and Anticancer Activity of New Essential-Oil Based Phytoncide Mixtures
Protozoa, in both humans and animals, are one of the leading causes of disease. International programmes introduced in many countries have helped reduce the incidence of disease. However, it has recently become increasingly difficult to achieve the goals set for the coming years. One of the main rea...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1395 |
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| author | Hubert Iwiński Henryk Różański Natalia Pachura Aleksandra Wojciechowska Tomasz Gębarowski Antoni Szumny |
| author_facet | Hubert Iwiński Henryk Różański Natalia Pachura Aleksandra Wojciechowska Tomasz Gębarowski Antoni Szumny |
| author_sort | Hubert Iwiński |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Protozoa, in both humans and animals, are one of the leading causes of disease. International programmes introduced in many countries have helped reduce the incidence of disease. However, it has recently become increasingly difficult to achieve the goals set for the coming years. One of the main reasons for this, as with other pathogenic organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, is the increasing resistance to current methods of treating and preventing infection. Therefore, new therapies with high efficacy are needed. In the present study, the novel mixtures of essential oils (EOs), clove, garlic, Ceylon cinnamon, and rosemary with organic acids (acetic, propionic, lactic) and metal ions (Cu, Mn, Zn) were tested against five selected model protozoa (<i>Euglena gracilis</i>, <i>Gregarina blattarum</i>, <i>Amoeba proteus</i>, <i>Paramecium caudatum</i>, <i>Pentatrichomonas hominis</i>). The cytotoxicity and potential anticancer activity of the obtained combinations were tested on the human fibroblasts (NHDF) and human cancer cell lines (A549, MCF7, LoVo, HT29). All of the mixtures showed very good antiprotozoal properties. The most efficient were the combination of clove and rosemary essential oils, mixtures of acids, and Mn ions. The LD<sub>50</sub> values were in the range of 0.001–0.006% and the LD<sub>100</sub> values were 0.002–0.008%. All of the tested mixtures did not show cytotoxicity against normal cells, but did show growth inhibition against cancer cell lines. The most cytotoxic against cancer cells were combinations with cinnamon essential oil. Nevertheless, the proposed combinations containing essential oils, organic acids, and metal ions have high antiprotozoal activity, with low toxicity to healthy human cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:32:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed2f197fb35e438abdf20ce94123a30d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:32:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed2f197fb35e438abdf20ce94123a30d2023-11-16T17:31:53ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-02-01283139510.3390/molecules28031395In Vitro Evaluation of Antiprotozoal Properties, Cytotoxicity Effect and Anticancer Activity of New Essential-Oil Based Phytoncide MixturesHubert Iwiński0Henryk Różański1Natalia Pachura2Aleksandra Wojciechowska3Tomasz Gębarowski4Antoni Szumny5Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, PolandAdiFeed Sp. z o.o., Opaczewska, 02-201 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, PolandIndependent Scholar, 02-201 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, PolandDepartment of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, PolandProtozoa, in both humans and animals, are one of the leading causes of disease. International programmes introduced in many countries have helped reduce the incidence of disease. However, it has recently become increasingly difficult to achieve the goals set for the coming years. One of the main reasons for this, as with other pathogenic organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, is the increasing resistance to current methods of treating and preventing infection. Therefore, new therapies with high efficacy are needed. In the present study, the novel mixtures of essential oils (EOs), clove, garlic, Ceylon cinnamon, and rosemary with organic acids (acetic, propionic, lactic) and metal ions (Cu, Mn, Zn) were tested against five selected model protozoa (<i>Euglena gracilis</i>, <i>Gregarina blattarum</i>, <i>Amoeba proteus</i>, <i>Paramecium caudatum</i>, <i>Pentatrichomonas hominis</i>). The cytotoxicity and potential anticancer activity of the obtained combinations were tested on the human fibroblasts (NHDF) and human cancer cell lines (A549, MCF7, LoVo, HT29). All of the mixtures showed very good antiprotozoal properties. The most efficient were the combination of clove and rosemary essential oils, mixtures of acids, and Mn ions. The LD<sub>50</sub> values were in the range of 0.001–0.006% and the LD<sub>100</sub> values were 0.002–0.008%. All of the tested mixtures did not show cytotoxicity against normal cells, but did show growth inhibition against cancer cell lines. The most cytotoxic against cancer cells were combinations with cinnamon essential oil. Nevertheless, the proposed combinations containing essential oils, organic acids, and metal ions have high antiprotozoal activity, with low toxicity to healthy human cells.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1395phytoncidesantiprotozoalcytotoxicityessential oilsLD<sub>50</sub>NMR |
| spellingShingle | Hubert Iwiński Henryk Różański Natalia Pachura Aleksandra Wojciechowska Tomasz Gębarowski Antoni Szumny In Vitro Evaluation of Antiprotozoal Properties, Cytotoxicity Effect and Anticancer Activity of New Essential-Oil Based Phytoncide Mixtures Molecules phytoncides antiprotozoal cytotoxicity essential oils LD<sub>50</sub> NMR |
| title | In Vitro Evaluation of Antiprotozoal Properties, Cytotoxicity Effect and Anticancer Activity of New Essential-Oil Based Phytoncide Mixtures |
| title_full | In Vitro Evaluation of Antiprotozoal Properties, Cytotoxicity Effect and Anticancer Activity of New Essential-Oil Based Phytoncide Mixtures |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Evaluation of Antiprotozoal Properties, Cytotoxicity Effect and Anticancer Activity of New Essential-Oil Based Phytoncide Mixtures |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Evaluation of Antiprotozoal Properties, Cytotoxicity Effect and Anticancer Activity of New Essential-Oil Based Phytoncide Mixtures |
| title_short | In Vitro Evaluation of Antiprotozoal Properties, Cytotoxicity Effect and Anticancer Activity of New Essential-Oil Based Phytoncide Mixtures |
| title_sort | in vitro evaluation of antiprotozoal properties cytotoxicity effect and anticancer activity of new essential oil based phytoncide mixtures |
| topic | phytoncides antiprotozoal cytotoxicity essential oils LD<sub>50</sub> NMR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1395 |
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