ALP-Based Biosensors Employing Electrodes Modified with Carbon Nanomaterials for Pesticides Detection
Due to the growing presence of pesticides in the environment and in food, the concern of their impact on human health is increasing. Therefore, the development of fast and reliable detection methods is needed. Enzymatic inhibition-based biosensors represent a good alternative for replacing the more...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/4/1532 |
| _version_ | 1797619126512910336 |
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| author | Stefano Gianvittorio Isacco Gualandi Domenica Tonelli |
| author_facet | Stefano Gianvittorio Isacco Gualandi Domenica Tonelli |
| author_sort | Stefano Gianvittorio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to the growing presence of pesticides in the environment and in food, the concern of their impact on human health is increasing. Therefore, the development of fast and reliable detection methods is needed. Enzymatic inhibition-based biosensors represent a good alternative for replacing the more complicated and time-consuming traditional methods (chromatography, spectrophotometry, etc.). This paper describes the development of an electrochemical biosensor exploiting alkaline phosphatase as the biological recognition element and a chemically modified glassy carbon electrode as the transducer. The biosensor was prepared modifying the GCE surface by a mixture of Multi-Walled-Carbon-Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Electrochemically-Reduced-Graphene-Oxide (ERGO) followed by the immobilization of the enzyme by cross-linking with bovine serum albumin and glutaraldehyde. The inhibition of the biosensor response caused by pesticides was established using 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid as the enzymatic substrate, whose dephosphorylation reaction produces ascorbic acid (AA). The MWCNTs/ERGO mixture shows a synergic effect in terms of increased sensitivity and decreased overpotential for AA oxidation. The response of the biosensor to the herbicide 2,4-dichloro-phenoxy-acetic-acid was evaluated and resulted in the concentration range 0.04–24 nM, with a limit of the detection of 16 pM. The determination of other pesticides was also achieved. The re-usability of the electrode was demonstrated by performing a washing procedure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:22:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed32026b1e764d71966737e4f52164d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:22:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed32026b1e764d71966737e4f52164d52023-11-16T22:19:47ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-02-01284153210.3390/molecules28041532ALP-Based Biosensors Employing Electrodes Modified with Carbon Nanomaterials for Pesticides DetectionStefano Gianvittorio0Isacco Gualandi1Domenica Tonelli2Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, ItalyDue to the growing presence of pesticides in the environment and in food, the concern of their impact on human health is increasing. Therefore, the development of fast and reliable detection methods is needed. Enzymatic inhibition-based biosensors represent a good alternative for replacing the more complicated and time-consuming traditional methods (chromatography, spectrophotometry, etc.). This paper describes the development of an electrochemical biosensor exploiting alkaline phosphatase as the biological recognition element and a chemically modified glassy carbon electrode as the transducer. The biosensor was prepared modifying the GCE surface by a mixture of Multi-Walled-Carbon-Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Electrochemically-Reduced-Graphene-Oxide (ERGO) followed by the immobilization of the enzyme by cross-linking with bovine serum albumin and glutaraldehyde. The inhibition of the biosensor response caused by pesticides was established using 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid as the enzymatic substrate, whose dephosphorylation reaction produces ascorbic acid (AA). The MWCNTs/ERGO mixture shows a synergic effect in terms of increased sensitivity and decreased overpotential for AA oxidation. The response of the biosensor to the herbicide 2,4-dichloro-phenoxy-acetic-acid was evaluated and resulted in the concentration range 0.04–24 nM, with a limit of the detection of 16 pM. The determination of other pesticides was also achieved. The re-usability of the electrode was demonstrated by performing a washing procedure.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/4/1532pesticides detectionelectrochemical biosensorsalkaline phosphatasecarbon nanomaterialsenzymatic inhibition |
| spellingShingle | Stefano Gianvittorio Isacco Gualandi Domenica Tonelli ALP-Based Biosensors Employing Electrodes Modified with Carbon Nanomaterials for Pesticides Detection Molecules pesticides detection electrochemical biosensors alkaline phosphatase carbon nanomaterials enzymatic inhibition |
| title | ALP-Based Biosensors Employing Electrodes Modified with Carbon Nanomaterials for Pesticides Detection |
| title_full | ALP-Based Biosensors Employing Electrodes Modified with Carbon Nanomaterials for Pesticides Detection |
| title_fullStr | ALP-Based Biosensors Employing Electrodes Modified with Carbon Nanomaterials for Pesticides Detection |
| title_full_unstemmed | ALP-Based Biosensors Employing Electrodes Modified with Carbon Nanomaterials for Pesticides Detection |
| title_short | ALP-Based Biosensors Employing Electrodes Modified with Carbon Nanomaterials for Pesticides Detection |
| title_sort | alp based biosensors employing electrodes modified with carbon nanomaterials for pesticides detection |
| topic | pesticides detection electrochemical biosensors alkaline phosphatase carbon nanomaterials enzymatic inhibition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/4/1532 |
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