Long-term effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis.
Shifts in pneumococcal serotypes following introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) may alter the presence of other bacterial pathogens co-inhabiting the same nasopharyngeal niche.Nasopharyngeal prevalence rates of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis wer...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3382588?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1819025348971462656 |
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| author | Judith Spijkerman Sabine M P J Prevaes Elske J M van Gils Reinier H Veenhoven Jacob P Bruin Debby Bogaert Alienke J Wijmenga-Monsuur Germie P J M van den Dobbelsteen Elisabeth A M Sanders |
| author_facet | Judith Spijkerman Sabine M P J Prevaes Elske J M van Gils Reinier H Veenhoven Jacob P Bruin Debby Bogaert Alienke J Wijmenga-Monsuur Germie P J M van den Dobbelsteen Elisabeth A M Sanders |
| author_sort | Judith Spijkerman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Shifts in pneumococcal serotypes following introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) may alter the presence of other bacterial pathogens co-inhabiting the same nasopharyngeal niche.Nasopharyngeal prevalence rates of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis were investigated before, 3 and 4.5 years after introduction of PCV-7 in the national immunisation program in children at 11 and 24 months of age, and parents of 24-month-old children (n≈330/group) using conventional culture methods. Despite a virtual disappearance of PCV-7 serotypes over time, similar overall pneumococcal rates were observed in all age groups, except for a significant reduction in the 11-month-old group (adjusted Odds Ratio after 4.5 years 0.48, 95% Confidence Interval 0.34-0.67). Before, 3 and 4.5 years after PCV-7 implementation, prevalence rates of S. aureus were 5%, 9% and 14% at 11 months of age (3.59, 1.90-6.79) and 20%, 32% and 34% in parents (1.96, 1.36-2.83), but remained similar at 24 months of age, respectively. Prevalence rates of H. influenzae were 46%, 65% and 65% at 11 months (2.22, 1.58-3.13), 52%, 73% and 76% at 24 months of age (2.68, 1.88-3.82) and 23%, 30% and 40% in parents (2.26, 1.58-3.33), respectively. No consistent changes in M. catarrhalis carriage rates were observed over time.In addition to large shifts in pneumococcal serotypes, persistently higher nasopharyngeal prevalence rates of S. aureus and H. influenzae were observed among young children and their parents after PCV-7 implementation. These findings may have implications for disease incidence and antibiotic treatment in the post-PCV era. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T05:09:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed394c85ef3e4143b3c86253f2c664ad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T05:09:16Z |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed394c85ef3e4143b3c86253f2c664ad2022-12-21T19:15:06ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-0176e3973010.1371/journal.pone.0039730Long-term effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis.Judith SpijkermanSabine M P J PrevaesElske J M van GilsReinier H VeenhovenJacob P BruinDebby BogaertAlienke J Wijmenga-MonsuurGermie P J M van den DobbelsteenElisabeth A M SandersShifts in pneumococcal serotypes following introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) may alter the presence of other bacterial pathogens co-inhabiting the same nasopharyngeal niche.Nasopharyngeal prevalence rates of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis were investigated before, 3 and 4.5 years after introduction of PCV-7 in the national immunisation program in children at 11 and 24 months of age, and parents of 24-month-old children (n≈330/group) using conventional culture methods. Despite a virtual disappearance of PCV-7 serotypes over time, similar overall pneumococcal rates were observed in all age groups, except for a significant reduction in the 11-month-old group (adjusted Odds Ratio after 4.5 years 0.48, 95% Confidence Interval 0.34-0.67). Before, 3 and 4.5 years after PCV-7 implementation, prevalence rates of S. aureus were 5%, 9% and 14% at 11 months of age (3.59, 1.90-6.79) and 20%, 32% and 34% in parents (1.96, 1.36-2.83), but remained similar at 24 months of age, respectively. Prevalence rates of H. influenzae were 46%, 65% and 65% at 11 months (2.22, 1.58-3.13), 52%, 73% and 76% at 24 months of age (2.68, 1.88-3.82) and 23%, 30% and 40% in parents (2.26, 1.58-3.33), respectively. No consistent changes in M. catarrhalis carriage rates were observed over time.In addition to large shifts in pneumococcal serotypes, persistently higher nasopharyngeal prevalence rates of S. aureus and H. influenzae were observed among young children and their parents after PCV-7 implementation. These findings may have implications for disease incidence and antibiotic treatment in the post-PCV era.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3382588?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Judith Spijkerman Sabine M P J Prevaes Elske J M van Gils Reinier H Veenhoven Jacob P Bruin Debby Bogaert Alienke J Wijmenga-Monsuur Germie P J M van den Dobbelsteen Elisabeth A M Sanders Long-term effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. PLoS ONE |
| title | Long-term effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. |
| title_full | Long-term effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. |
| title_fullStr | Long-term effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-term effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. |
| title_short | Long-term effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. |
| title_sort | long term effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of s pneumoniae s aureus h influenzae and m catarrhalis |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3382588?pdf=render |
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