The pathogenesis of zoonotic viral infections: Lessons learned by studying reservoir hosts
Zoonotic viral infections that cause severe disease or even death in some people may be asymptomatic or mild in reservoir hosts. Comparison of the pathogenesis of these two host categories may potentially explain the difference in disease. However, infections in reservoir hosts are often neglected....
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151524/full |
| _version_ | 1797858983440023552 |
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| author | Lineke Begeman Debby van Riel Marion P. G. Koopmans Marion P. G. Koopmans Thijs Kuiken |
| author_facet | Lineke Begeman Debby van Riel Marion P. G. Koopmans Marion P. G. Koopmans Thijs Kuiken |
| author_sort | Lineke Begeman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zoonotic viral infections that cause severe disease or even death in some people may be asymptomatic or mild in reservoir hosts. Comparison of the pathogenesis of these two host categories may potentially explain the difference in disease. However, infections in reservoir hosts are often neglected. Therefore, we compared the pathogenesis of rabies virus, macacine alphaherpesvirus, West Nile virus, Puumala orthohantavirus, monkeypox virus, Lassa mammarenavirus, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza, Marburg virus, Nipah virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and simian/human immunodeficiency viruses in both humans and reservoir hosts. We showed that most aspects of the pathogeneses were remarkably similar. The remaining differences lead to the identification of tipping points in the pathogeneses that are important for explaining the disease outcome in severe human cases. Further elucidating these tipping points by studying zoonotic viral infections in their reservoir hosts may teach us how to reduce the severity of zoonotic viral diseases in humans. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:22:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed3edc6c67f8412284e2d0c38765d9ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:22:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed3edc6c67f8412284e2d0c38765d9ea2023-03-28T05:48:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-03-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.11515241151524The pathogenesis of zoonotic viral infections: Lessons learned by studying reservoir hostsLineke Begeman0Debby van Riel1Marion P. G. Koopmans2Marion P. G. Koopmans3Thijs Kuiken4Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, NetherlandsViroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, NetherlandsViroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, NetherlandsPandemic and Disaster Preparedness Centre, Rotterdam, NetherlandsViroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, NetherlandsZoonotic viral infections that cause severe disease or even death in some people may be asymptomatic or mild in reservoir hosts. Comparison of the pathogenesis of these two host categories may potentially explain the difference in disease. However, infections in reservoir hosts are often neglected. Therefore, we compared the pathogenesis of rabies virus, macacine alphaherpesvirus, West Nile virus, Puumala orthohantavirus, monkeypox virus, Lassa mammarenavirus, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza, Marburg virus, Nipah virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and simian/human immunodeficiency viruses in both humans and reservoir hosts. We showed that most aspects of the pathogeneses were remarkably similar. The remaining differences lead to the identification of tipping points in the pathogeneses that are important for explaining the disease outcome in severe human cases. Further elucidating these tipping points by studying zoonotic viral infections in their reservoir hosts may teach us how to reduce the severity of zoonotic viral diseases in humans.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151524/fullzoonosescomparative pathologydisease reservoirsvirusescomparative histology |
| spellingShingle | Lineke Begeman Debby van Riel Marion P. G. Koopmans Marion P. G. Koopmans Thijs Kuiken The pathogenesis of zoonotic viral infections: Lessons learned by studying reservoir hosts Frontiers in Microbiology zoonoses comparative pathology disease reservoirs viruses comparative histology |
| title | The pathogenesis of zoonotic viral infections: Lessons learned by studying reservoir hosts |
| title_full | The pathogenesis of zoonotic viral infections: Lessons learned by studying reservoir hosts |
| title_fullStr | The pathogenesis of zoonotic viral infections: Lessons learned by studying reservoir hosts |
| title_full_unstemmed | The pathogenesis of zoonotic viral infections: Lessons learned by studying reservoir hosts |
| title_short | The pathogenesis of zoonotic viral infections: Lessons learned by studying reservoir hosts |
| title_sort | pathogenesis of zoonotic viral infections lessons learned by studying reservoir hosts |
| topic | zoonoses comparative pathology disease reservoirs viruses comparative histology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151524/full |
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