Persistent high exposure to exogenous phthalates and endogenous sex hormones associated with early pubertal onset among children: A 3.5-year longitudinal cohort study in China
Background: Early onset of puberty could have significant impacts on childhood health, but the extent to which it was affected by phthalate esters (PAEs) and sex hormone disruption was not understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between exposure to PAEs and sex hormone d...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323007030 |
| _version_ | 1797744166009044992 |
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| author | Jieyu Liu Di Gao Yanhui Li Xinli Song Manman Chen Qi Ma Xinxin Wang Mengjie Cui Tongjun Guo Li Chen Yi Zhang Wen Yuan Tao Ma Jianuo Jiang Yanhui Dong Zhiyong Zou Jun Ma |
| author_facet | Jieyu Liu Di Gao Yanhui Li Xinli Song Manman Chen Qi Ma Xinxin Wang Mengjie Cui Tongjun Guo Li Chen Yi Zhang Wen Yuan Tao Ma Jianuo Jiang Yanhui Dong Zhiyong Zou Jun Ma |
| author_sort | Jieyu Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Early onset of puberty could have significant impacts on childhood health, but the extent to which it was affected by phthalate esters (PAEs) and sex hormone disruption was not understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between exposure to PAEs and sex hormone disruption and early onset of puberty in children. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted in China from May 2017 to Oct 2020, involving 740 children during consecutive visits. The onset of puberty was evaluated using Tanner definition, and early puberty was defined as an onset age less than the first 25 %, with cut-offs of 10.33 and 8.97 years for boys and girls, respectively. Serum testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2) and urinary PAE metabolites were measured during three visits. Generalized linear models were used to explore the associations between PAE and sex hormones with the age of puberty onset, while log-binomial regressions were applied to assess the associations of persistent exposure to PAEs and sex hormones with early pubertal onset. Results: Approximately 86.0 % of boys and 90.2 % of girls completed puberty onset from pre-puberty, and more than 95 % of participants had PAE concentrations higher than the limit of detection. Boys showed higher exposure to PAE pollutants and higher TT levels. Persistent exposure to PAEs was positively associated with early pubertal onset in girls (ARR = 1.97, 95 %CI = 1.12, 3.46). Moreover, persistent exposure to PAEs and E2 had synergistic associations with early pubertal onset in both boys (ARR = 4.77, 95 %CI = 1.06, 21.54) and girls (ARR = 7.07, 95 %CI = 1.51, 33.10). However, PAEs and TT had antagonistic associations only in boys (ARR = 0.44, 95 %CI = 0.07, 2.58). Conclusion: Long-term exposure to PAEs might increase the risk of early pubertal onset, and it appears to work in synergy with E2, while in antagonism with TT in boys’ early pubertal onset. Reducing PAEs exposure might promote pubertal health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:05:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed4d81c4d9414aed9b90d45ce96f386d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:05:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed4d81c4d9414aed9b90d45ce96f386d2023-08-13T04:51:57ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132023-09-01262115199Persistent high exposure to exogenous phthalates and endogenous sex hormones associated with early pubertal onset among children: A 3.5-year longitudinal cohort study in ChinaJieyu Liu0Di Gao1Yanhui Li2Xinli Song3Manman Chen4Qi Ma5Xinxin Wang6Mengjie Cui7Tongjun Guo8Li Chen9Yi Zhang10Wen Yuan11Tao Ma12Jianuo Jiang13Yanhui Dong14Zhiyong Zou15Jun Ma16Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China; Corresponding authors.Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China; Corresponding authors.Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, ChinaBackground: Early onset of puberty could have significant impacts on childhood health, but the extent to which it was affected by phthalate esters (PAEs) and sex hormone disruption was not understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between exposure to PAEs and sex hormone disruption and early onset of puberty in children. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted in China from May 2017 to Oct 2020, involving 740 children during consecutive visits. The onset of puberty was evaluated using Tanner definition, and early puberty was defined as an onset age less than the first 25 %, with cut-offs of 10.33 and 8.97 years for boys and girls, respectively. Serum testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2) and urinary PAE metabolites were measured during three visits. Generalized linear models were used to explore the associations between PAE and sex hormones with the age of puberty onset, while log-binomial regressions were applied to assess the associations of persistent exposure to PAEs and sex hormones with early pubertal onset. Results: Approximately 86.0 % of boys and 90.2 % of girls completed puberty onset from pre-puberty, and more than 95 % of participants had PAE concentrations higher than the limit of detection. Boys showed higher exposure to PAE pollutants and higher TT levels. Persistent exposure to PAEs was positively associated with early pubertal onset in girls (ARR = 1.97, 95 %CI = 1.12, 3.46). Moreover, persistent exposure to PAEs and E2 had synergistic associations with early pubertal onset in both boys (ARR = 4.77, 95 %CI = 1.06, 21.54) and girls (ARR = 7.07, 95 %CI = 1.51, 33.10). However, PAEs and TT had antagonistic associations only in boys (ARR = 0.44, 95 %CI = 0.07, 2.58). Conclusion: Long-term exposure to PAEs might increase the risk of early pubertal onset, and it appears to work in synergy with E2, while in antagonism with TT in boys’ early pubertal onset. Reducing PAEs exposure might promote pubertal health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323007030Phthalate MetabolitesSex hormones, Puberty onsetChildren |
| spellingShingle | Jieyu Liu Di Gao Yanhui Li Xinli Song Manman Chen Qi Ma Xinxin Wang Mengjie Cui Tongjun Guo Li Chen Yi Zhang Wen Yuan Tao Ma Jianuo Jiang Yanhui Dong Zhiyong Zou Jun Ma Persistent high exposure to exogenous phthalates and endogenous sex hormones associated with early pubertal onset among children: A 3.5-year longitudinal cohort study in China Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Phthalate Metabolites Sex hormones, Puberty onset Children |
| title | Persistent high exposure to exogenous phthalates and endogenous sex hormones associated with early pubertal onset among children: A 3.5-year longitudinal cohort study in China |
| title_full | Persistent high exposure to exogenous phthalates and endogenous sex hormones associated with early pubertal onset among children: A 3.5-year longitudinal cohort study in China |
| title_fullStr | Persistent high exposure to exogenous phthalates and endogenous sex hormones associated with early pubertal onset among children: A 3.5-year longitudinal cohort study in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Persistent high exposure to exogenous phthalates and endogenous sex hormones associated with early pubertal onset among children: A 3.5-year longitudinal cohort study in China |
| title_short | Persistent high exposure to exogenous phthalates and endogenous sex hormones associated with early pubertal onset among children: A 3.5-year longitudinal cohort study in China |
| title_sort | persistent high exposure to exogenous phthalates and endogenous sex hormones associated with early pubertal onset among children a 3 5 year longitudinal cohort study in china |
| topic | Phthalate Metabolites Sex hormones, Puberty onset Children |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323007030 |
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