MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways
Abstract Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the power of the immune system to eliminate tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block negative regulatory signals that prevent T cells from attacking cancer cells. Two key ICIs target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which inclu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Cancer Cell International |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-024-03293-6 |
| _version_ | 1797259044146118656 |
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| author | Arefeh Zabeti Touchaei Sogand Vahidi |
| author_facet | Arefeh Zabeti Touchaei Sogand Vahidi |
| author_sort | Arefeh Zabeti Touchaei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the power of the immune system to eliminate tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block negative regulatory signals that prevent T cells from attacking cancer cells. Two key ICIs target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which includes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1). Another ICI targets cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). While ICIs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in various malignancies, only a subset of patients respond favorably. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, play a crucial role in modulating immune checkpoints, including PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. This review summarizes the latest advancements in immunotherapy, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoints and the regulatory role of miRNAs in modulating these pathways. Consequently, understanding the complex interplay between miRNAs and immune checkpoints is essential for developing more effective and personalized immunotherapy strategies for cancer treatment. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T23:03:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed5e937b52d6495cbfabf5e9ad99ed8c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2867 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T23:03:10Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancer Cell International |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed5e937b52d6495cbfabf5e9ad99ed8c2024-03-17T12:38:57ZengBMCCancer Cell International1475-28672024-03-0124113210.1186/s12935-024-03293-6MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathwaysArefeh Zabeti Touchaei0Sogand Vahidi1Department of Chemistry, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityMedical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesAbstract Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the power of the immune system to eliminate tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block negative regulatory signals that prevent T cells from attacking cancer cells. Two key ICIs target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which includes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1). Another ICI targets cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). While ICIs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in various malignancies, only a subset of patients respond favorably. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, play a crucial role in modulating immune checkpoints, including PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. This review summarizes the latest advancements in immunotherapy, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoints and the regulatory role of miRNAs in modulating these pathways. Consequently, understanding the complex interplay between miRNAs and immune checkpoints is essential for developing more effective and personalized immunotherapy strategies for cancer treatment. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-024-03293-6Immune checkpoint inhibitorsImmunotherapyPD-1PD-L1CTLA-4microRNA |
| spellingShingle | Arefeh Zabeti Touchaei Sogand Vahidi MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways Cancer Cell International Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immunotherapy PD-1 PD-L1 CTLA-4 microRNA |
| title | MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways |
| title_full | MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways |
| title_fullStr | MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways |
| title_full_unstemmed | MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways |
| title_short | MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways |
| title_sort | micrornas as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy targeting pd 1 pd l1 and ctla 4 pathways |
| topic | Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immunotherapy PD-1 PD-L1 CTLA-4 microRNA |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-024-03293-6 |
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