The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories
Global freshwater scarcity is imposing the demand for using non-conventional water resources for irrigation and non-irrigation purposes. Direct reuse of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation is a widespread practice in arid and semi-arid regions, because of water shortage and scarcity. Wate...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Water and Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/19/1/120 |
| _version_ | 1818749618174820352 |
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| author | Hilmi S. Salem Yohannes Yihdego Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed |
| author_facet | Hilmi S. Salem Yohannes Yihdego Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed |
| author_sort | Hilmi S. Salem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Global freshwater scarcity is imposing the demand for using non-conventional water resources for irrigation and non-irrigation purposes. Direct reuse of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation is a widespread practice in arid and semi-arid regions, because of water shortage and scarcity. Water scarcity and the need for ecological sustainability have led to the introduction of treated wastewater as an additional water resource in the national water resources' management plans of Mediterranean countries. The use of wastewater for irrigation is an important tool for water resources' supplement. However, the reuse of effluent in irrigation can have negative impacts on crop quality and soil conditions, as well as on public health and the environment. Furthermore, inappropriate management of agricultural irrigation with treated wastewater can also pose problems for plant production and the physical and chemical properties of soils. This paper presents some approaches to understand the impacts of reusing treated wastewater. It also presents a critical analysis of the treated wastewater's reuse for irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), while shedding light on the water status in the OPT. The paper investigates the wastewater treatment and reuse for agricultural irrigation, especially in the lack of control of Palestinians on their own freshwater resources in the OPT. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T04:06:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed64b9f5c3fa42b4a7f9c819d7e6eaed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1477-8920 1996-7829 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T04:06:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Water and Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed64b9f5c3fa42b4a7f9c819d7e6eaed2022-12-21T21:21:35ZengIWA PublishingJournal of Water and Health1477-89201996-78292021-02-0119112015810.2166/wh.2020.216216The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian TerritoriesHilmi S. Salem0Yohannes Yihdego1Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed2 Sustainable Development Research Institute, Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine (Occupied) Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, Science, Health & Engineering College, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia and Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation (SMEC), Sydney, New South Wales 2060, Australia Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland Global freshwater scarcity is imposing the demand for using non-conventional water resources for irrigation and non-irrigation purposes. Direct reuse of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation is a widespread practice in arid and semi-arid regions, because of water shortage and scarcity. Water scarcity and the need for ecological sustainability have led to the introduction of treated wastewater as an additional water resource in the national water resources' management plans of Mediterranean countries. The use of wastewater for irrigation is an important tool for water resources' supplement. However, the reuse of effluent in irrigation can have negative impacts on crop quality and soil conditions, as well as on public health and the environment. Furthermore, inappropriate management of agricultural irrigation with treated wastewater can also pose problems for plant production and the physical and chemical properties of soils. This paper presents some approaches to understand the impacts of reusing treated wastewater. It also presents a critical analysis of the treated wastewater's reuse for irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), while shedding light on the water status in the OPT. The paper investigates the wastewater treatment and reuse for agricultural irrigation, especially in the lack of control of Palestinians on their own freshwater resources in the OPT.http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/19/1/120agricultural irrigationfreshwater resourceshealth and environmental impacts of reusing treated wastewateroccupied palestinian territories (opt)wastewater characteristicswater shortage and scarcity |
| spellingShingle | Hilmi S. Salem Yohannes Yihdego Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories Journal of Water and Health agricultural irrigation freshwater resources health and environmental impacts of reusing treated wastewater occupied palestinian territories (opt) wastewater characteristics water shortage and scarcity |
| title | The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories |
| title_full | The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories |
| title_fullStr | The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories |
| title_full_unstemmed | The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories |
| title_short | The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories |
| title_sort | status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the occupied palestinian territories |
| topic | agricultural irrigation freshwater resources health and environmental impacts of reusing treated wastewater occupied palestinian territories (opt) wastewater characteristics water shortage and scarcity |
| url | http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/19/1/120 |
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