Neuroplasticity Mechanisms and Prospects for Personalized Rehabilitation Strategies in Patients with Motor and Cognitive Impairments
Aim. To highlight the most important areas of research on the problems of rehabilitation after stroke and the prospects for the development of new rehabilitation strategies, taking into account individual characteristics. Neuroplastic outcomes of anemic infarctions are presented by multi-pattern pos...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneology
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Вестник восстановительной медицины |
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| Online Access: | https://www.vvmr.ru/en/archives/2021/5-20-oktyabr-2021/tekhnologii-vosstanovitelnoy-meditsiny-i-meditsinskoy-reabilitatsii/2021-5-mehanizmy-neiroplastichnosti-i-perspektivy-personalizirovannyh-strategii-reabilitacii-bolnyh-s-dvigatelnymi-i-kognitivnymi-naru.html |
| _version_ | 1818571839835734016 |
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| author | Kristina A. Shagaeva Artur S. Shagaev |
| author_facet | Kristina A. Shagaeva Artur S. Shagaev |
| author_sort | Kristina A. Shagaeva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aim. To highlight the most important areas of research on the problems of rehabilitation after stroke and the prospects for the development of new rehabilitation strategies, taking into account individual characteristics. Neuroplastic outcomes of anemic infarctions are presented by multi-pattern positive processes of synaptogenesis, sprouting, synthesis of neuroprotective proteins, and destructive effects of stress plasticity inducing dystonic disturbances, deterioration of stabilometric parameters and locomotor gait mechanisms with support deterioration [1]. Thus, specialists in neurorehabilitation should know the basics of fundamental neurophysiological processes in the central nervous system, interhemispheric networks of the brain, and optimize rehabilitation programs, taking into account individualized recovery profiles [2]. One of the factors influencing recovery after a stroke is nervous reorganization, which is proportional to the amount of damage [3]. The processes of neuroplasticity are studied from the standpoint of returning to the pre-stroke recovery model (with minor injuries) – forming “optimal” plasticity and compensatory strategies of “destructive” plasticity (with extensive hemispheric injuries). Micro-RNA (miRNA) are understudied in the neuroprotective reaction to cerebral ischemia. Another important modulator of stroke outcomes is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Processing of the defective BDNF synthesis when the amino acid valine is replaced by methionine (val-met) that occurs during allelic disorders is of outstanding interest.
Conclusion. Promising research areas for strategic approaches to rehabilitation after a stroke are the study of hemispheric introduction, miRNA and neuroprotection cascades; BDNF as an inducer of neuronal differentiation. Allelic BDNF polymorphisms induce lower recovery potential after stroke. Under certain environmental conditions motor learning can overcome the neuroplasticity deficit in the BDNF gene polymorphism. The studies have shown general patterns of positive effects of aerobic stimuli with enhanced BDNF secretion in the recovery of patients with cognitive and motor impairments; nevertheless, the onset period, intensity, duration and exercises rhythmicity have not been established in cerebral stroke. Future studies are likely to optimize rehabilitation profiles based on genetic characteristics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T18:49:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed6739be01974475b40798a7cd3b1727 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2078-1962 2713-2625 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T18:49:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Вестник восстановительной медицины |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed6739be01974475b40798a7cd3b17272022-12-21T22:51:19ZengMinistry of Health of the Russian Federation. National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and BalneologyВестник восстановительной медицины2078-19622713-26252021-10-01205374610.38025/2078-1962-2021-20-5-37-46Neuroplasticity Mechanisms and Prospects for Personalized Rehabilitation Strategies in Patients with Motor and Cognitive ImpairmentsKristina A. Shagaeva0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0100-1932Artur S. Shagaev1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4577-9551A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian FederationPirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Medical Center «DOCTOR», Pushchino, Russian FederationAim. To highlight the most important areas of research on the problems of rehabilitation after stroke and the prospects for the development of new rehabilitation strategies, taking into account individual characteristics. Neuroplastic outcomes of anemic infarctions are presented by multi-pattern positive processes of synaptogenesis, sprouting, synthesis of neuroprotective proteins, and destructive effects of stress plasticity inducing dystonic disturbances, deterioration of stabilometric parameters and locomotor gait mechanisms with support deterioration [1]. Thus, specialists in neurorehabilitation should know the basics of fundamental neurophysiological processes in the central nervous system, interhemispheric networks of the brain, and optimize rehabilitation programs, taking into account individualized recovery profiles [2]. One of the factors influencing recovery after a stroke is nervous reorganization, which is proportional to the amount of damage [3]. The processes of neuroplasticity are studied from the standpoint of returning to the pre-stroke recovery model (with minor injuries) – forming “optimal” plasticity and compensatory strategies of “destructive” plasticity (with extensive hemispheric injuries). Micro-RNA (miRNA) are understudied in the neuroprotective reaction to cerebral ischemia. Another important modulator of stroke outcomes is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Processing of the defective BDNF synthesis when the amino acid valine is replaced by methionine (val-met) that occurs during allelic disorders is of outstanding interest. Conclusion. Promising research areas for strategic approaches to rehabilitation after a stroke are the study of hemispheric introduction, miRNA and neuroprotection cascades; BDNF as an inducer of neuronal differentiation. Allelic BDNF polymorphisms induce lower recovery potential after stroke. Under certain environmental conditions motor learning can overcome the neuroplasticity deficit in the BDNF gene polymorphism. The studies have shown general patterns of positive effects of aerobic stimuli with enhanced BDNF secretion in the recovery of patients with cognitive and motor impairments; nevertheless, the onset period, intensity, duration and exercises rhythmicity have not been established in cerebral stroke. Future studies are likely to optimize rehabilitation profiles based on genetic characteristics.https://www.vvmr.ru/en/archives/2021/5-20-oktyabr-2021/tekhnologii-vosstanovitelnoy-meditsiny-i-meditsinskoy-reabilitatsii/2021-5-mehanizmy-neiroplastichnosti-i-perspektivy-personalizirovannyh-strategii-reabilitacii-bolnyh-s-dvigatelnymi-i-kognitivnymi-naru.htmlphysical activityaerobic trainingrecoveryrehabilitationstrokeneuroplasticityneuroprotectiongene polymorphismbdnfmi-rna |
| spellingShingle | Kristina A. Shagaeva Artur S. Shagaev Neuroplasticity Mechanisms and Prospects for Personalized Rehabilitation Strategies in Patients with Motor and Cognitive Impairments Вестник восстановительной медицины physical activity aerobic training recovery rehabilitation stroke neuroplasticity neuroprotection gene polymorphism bdnf mi-rna |
| title | Neuroplasticity Mechanisms and Prospects for Personalized Rehabilitation Strategies in Patients with Motor and Cognitive Impairments |
| title_full | Neuroplasticity Mechanisms and Prospects for Personalized Rehabilitation Strategies in Patients with Motor and Cognitive Impairments |
| title_fullStr | Neuroplasticity Mechanisms and Prospects for Personalized Rehabilitation Strategies in Patients with Motor and Cognitive Impairments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuroplasticity Mechanisms and Prospects for Personalized Rehabilitation Strategies in Patients with Motor and Cognitive Impairments |
| title_short | Neuroplasticity Mechanisms and Prospects for Personalized Rehabilitation Strategies in Patients with Motor and Cognitive Impairments |
| title_sort | neuroplasticity mechanisms and prospects for personalized rehabilitation strategies in patients with motor and cognitive impairments |
| topic | physical activity aerobic training recovery rehabilitation stroke neuroplasticity neuroprotection gene polymorphism bdnf mi-rna |
| url | https://www.vvmr.ru/en/archives/2021/5-20-oktyabr-2021/tekhnologii-vosstanovitelnoy-meditsiny-i-meditsinskoy-reabilitatsii/2021-5-mehanizmy-neiroplastichnosti-i-perspektivy-personalizirovannyh-strategii-reabilitacii-bolnyh-s-dvigatelnymi-i-kognitivnymi-naru.html |
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