Interthalamic adhesion size in aging dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages: a comparative retrospective MRI study of dogs with and without evidence of canine cognitive dysfunction
Objective Spontaneous brain microhemorrhages in elderly people are present to some degree in Alzheimer’s disease patients but have been linked to brain atrophy in the absence of obvious cognitive decline. Brain microhemorrhages have recently been described in older dogs, but it is unclear whether th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2020-04-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/9012.pdf |
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| author | Curtis W. Dewey Mark Rishniw Philippa J. Johnson Emma S. Davies Joseph J. Sackman Marissa O’Donnell Simon Platt Kelsey Robinson |
| author_facet | Curtis W. Dewey Mark Rishniw Philippa J. Johnson Emma S. Davies Joseph J. Sackman Marissa O’Donnell Simon Platt Kelsey Robinson |
| author_sort | Curtis W. Dewey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective Spontaneous brain microhemorrhages in elderly people are present to some degree in Alzheimer’s disease patients but have been linked to brain atrophy in the absence of obvious cognitive decline. Brain microhemorrhages have recently been described in older dogs, but it is unclear whether these are associated with brain atrophy. Diminution of interthalamic adhesion size-as measured on MRI or CT-has been shown to be a reliable indicator of brain atrophy in dogs with canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) in comparison with successfully aging dogs. We hypothesized that aging dogs with brain microhemorrhages presenting for neurologic dysfunction but without obvious features of cognitive decline would have small interthalamic adhesion measurements, like dogs with CCD, compared with control dogs. The objective of this study was to compare interthalamic adhesion size between three groups of aging (>9 years) dogs: (1) neurologically impaired dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages and no clinical evidence of cognitive dysfunction (2) dogs with CCD (3) dogs without clinical evidence of encephalopathy on neurologic examination (control dogs). MR images from 52 aging dogs were reviewed and measurements were obtained of interthalamic adhesion height (thickness) and mid-sagittal interthalamic adhesion area for all dogs, in addition to total brain volume. Interthalamic adhesion measurements, either absolute or normalized to total brain volume were compared between groups. Signalment (age, breed, sex), body weight, presence and number of SBMs, as well as other abnormal MRI findings were recorded for all dogs. Results All interthalamic adhesion measurement parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) different between control dogs and affected dogs. Both dogs with cognitive dysfunction (12/15; 80%) and dogs with isolated brain microhemorrhages had more microhemorrhages than control dogs (3/25; 12%). Affected dogs without cognitive dysfunction had significantly more microhemorrhages than dogs with cognitive dysfunction. In addition to signs of cognitive impairment for the CCD group, main clinical complaints for SBM and CCD dogs were referable to central vestibular dysfunction, recent-onset seizure activity, or both. Geriatric dogs with spontaneous brain microhemorrhages without cognitive dysfunction have similar MRI abnormalities as dogs with cognitive dysfunction but may represent a distinct disease category. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:49:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed7e56adb8bb455599e3184082724672 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:49:45Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed7e56adb8bb455599e31840827246722023-12-03T10:31:28ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592020-04-018e901210.7717/peerj.9012Interthalamic adhesion size in aging dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages: a comparative retrospective MRI study of dogs with and without evidence of canine cognitive dysfunctionCurtis W. Dewey0Mark Rishniw1Philippa J. Johnson2Emma S. Davies3Joseph J. Sackman4Marissa O’Donnell5Simon Platt6Kelsey Robinson7Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USAClinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USAClinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USAClinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USALong Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainview, NY, USALong Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainview, NY, USADepartment of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USADepartment of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USAObjective Spontaneous brain microhemorrhages in elderly people are present to some degree in Alzheimer’s disease patients but have been linked to brain atrophy in the absence of obvious cognitive decline. Brain microhemorrhages have recently been described in older dogs, but it is unclear whether these are associated with brain atrophy. Diminution of interthalamic adhesion size-as measured on MRI or CT-has been shown to be a reliable indicator of brain atrophy in dogs with canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) in comparison with successfully aging dogs. We hypothesized that aging dogs with brain microhemorrhages presenting for neurologic dysfunction but without obvious features of cognitive decline would have small interthalamic adhesion measurements, like dogs with CCD, compared with control dogs. The objective of this study was to compare interthalamic adhesion size between three groups of aging (>9 years) dogs: (1) neurologically impaired dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages and no clinical evidence of cognitive dysfunction (2) dogs with CCD (3) dogs without clinical evidence of encephalopathy on neurologic examination (control dogs). MR images from 52 aging dogs were reviewed and measurements were obtained of interthalamic adhesion height (thickness) and mid-sagittal interthalamic adhesion area for all dogs, in addition to total brain volume. Interthalamic adhesion measurements, either absolute or normalized to total brain volume were compared between groups. Signalment (age, breed, sex), body weight, presence and number of SBMs, as well as other abnormal MRI findings were recorded for all dogs. Results All interthalamic adhesion measurement parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) different between control dogs and affected dogs. Both dogs with cognitive dysfunction (12/15; 80%) and dogs with isolated brain microhemorrhages had more microhemorrhages than control dogs (3/25; 12%). Affected dogs without cognitive dysfunction had significantly more microhemorrhages than dogs with cognitive dysfunction. In addition to signs of cognitive impairment for the CCD group, main clinical complaints for SBM and CCD dogs were referable to central vestibular dysfunction, recent-onset seizure activity, or both. Geriatric dogs with spontaneous brain microhemorrhages without cognitive dysfunction have similar MRI abnormalities as dogs with cognitive dysfunction but may represent a distinct disease category.https://peerj.com/articles/9012.pdfCanineDogBrainMicrohemorrhageCognitiveDementia |
| spellingShingle | Curtis W. Dewey Mark Rishniw Philippa J. Johnson Emma S. Davies Joseph J. Sackman Marissa O’Donnell Simon Platt Kelsey Robinson Interthalamic adhesion size in aging dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages: a comparative retrospective MRI study of dogs with and without evidence of canine cognitive dysfunction PeerJ Canine Dog Brain Microhemorrhage Cognitive Dementia |
| title | Interthalamic adhesion size in aging dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages: a comparative retrospective MRI study of dogs with and without evidence of canine cognitive dysfunction |
| title_full | Interthalamic adhesion size in aging dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages: a comparative retrospective MRI study of dogs with and without evidence of canine cognitive dysfunction |
| title_fullStr | Interthalamic adhesion size in aging dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages: a comparative retrospective MRI study of dogs with and without evidence of canine cognitive dysfunction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interthalamic adhesion size in aging dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages: a comparative retrospective MRI study of dogs with and without evidence of canine cognitive dysfunction |
| title_short | Interthalamic adhesion size in aging dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages: a comparative retrospective MRI study of dogs with and without evidence of canine cognitive dysfunction |
| title_sort | interthalamic adhesion size in aging dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages a comparative retrospective mri study of dogs with and without evidence of canine cognitive dysfunction |
| topic | Canine Dog Brain Microhemorrhage Cognitive Dementia |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/9012.pdf |
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