Evaluation of Two Amendments (Biochar and Acid Mine Drainage Sludge) on Arsenic Contaminated Soil Using Chemical, Biological, and Ecological Assessments
Various types of organic and inorganic materials are widely examined and applied into the arsenic (As) contaminated soil to stabilize As bioavailability and to enhance soil quality as an amendment. This study deals with two types of amendments: biochar for organic amendment and acid mine drainage sl...
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/15/4111 |
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| author | Min-Suk Kim Sang-Hwan Lee Hyun Park Jeong-Gyu Kim |
| author_facet | Min-Suk Kim Sang-Hwan Lee Hyun Park Jeong-Gyu Kim |
| author_sort | Min-Suk Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Various types of organic and inorganic materials are widely examined and applied into the arsenic (As) contaminated soil to stabilize As bioavailability and to enhance soil quality as an amendment. This study deals with two types of amendments: biochar for organic amendment and acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) for inorganic amendment. Each amendment was applied in two types of As contaminated soils: one showed low contaminated concentration and acid property and the other showed high contaminated concentration and alkali property. In order to comprehensively evaluate the effect of amendments on As contaminated soil, chemical (As bioavailability), biological phytotoxicity (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>), soil respiration activity, dehydrogenase activity, urease activity, ß-glucosidase activity, and acid/alkali phosphomonoesterase activity, an ecological (total bacterial cells and total metagenomics DNA at the phylum level) assessment was conducted. Both amendments increased soil pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which changes the bioavailability of As. In reducing phytotoxicity to As, the AMDS was the most effective regardless of soil types. Although soil enzyme activity results were not consistent with amendments types and soil types, bacterial diversity was increased after amendment application in acid soil. In acid soil, the results of principal component analysis represented that AMDS contributes to improve soil quality through the reduction in As bioavailability and the correction of soil pH from acidic to neutral condition, despite the increases in DOC. However, soil DOC had a negative effect on As bioavailability, phytotoxicity and some enzyme activity in alkali soil. Taken together, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the interaction of chemical, biological, and ecological properties according to soil pH in the decision-making stages for the selection of appropriate soil restoration material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:13:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed824d1b757d4bd5917729839b36ee69 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:13:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ed824d1b757d4bd5917729839b36ee692023-11-22T05:51:51ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-07-011415411110.3390/ma14154111Evaluation of Two Amendments (Biochar and Acid Mine Drainage Sludge) on Arsenic Contaminated Soil Using Chemical, Biological, and Ecological AssessmentsMin-Suk Kim0Sang-Hwan Lee1Hyun Park2Jeong-Gyu Kim3OJEong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaGyeongin Regional Office, Mine Reclamation Corporation, Seoul 03151, KoreaDivision of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaDivision of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaVarious types of organic and inorganic materials are widely examined and applied into the arsenic (As) contaminated soil to stabilize As bioavailability and to enhance soil quality as an amendment. This study deals with two types of amendments: biochar for organic amendment and acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) for inorganic amendment. Each amendment was applied in two types of As contaminated soils: one showed low contaminated concentration and acid property and the other showed high contaminated concentration and alkali property. In order to comprehensively evaluate the effect of amendments on As contaminated soil, chemical (As bioavailability), biological phytotoxicity (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>), soil respiration activity, dehydrogenase activity, urease activity, ß-glucosidase activity, and acid/alkali phosphomonoesterase activity, an ecological (total bacterial cells and total metagenomics DNA at the phylum level) assessment was conducted. Both amendments increased soil pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which changes the bioavailability of As. In reducing phytotoxicity to As, the AMDS was the most effective regardless of soil types. Although soil enzyme activity results were not consistent with amendments types and soil types, bacterial diversity was increased after amendment application in acid soil. In acid soil, the results of principal component analysis represented that AMDS contributes to improve soil quality through the reduction in As bioavailability and the correction of soil pH from acidic to neutral condition, despite the increases in DOC. However, soil DOC had a negative effect on As bioavailability, phytotoxicity and some enzyme activity in alkali soil. Taken together, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the interaction of chemical, biological, and ecological properties according to soil pH in the decision-making stages for the selection of appropriate soil restoration material.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/15/4111dissolved organic carbonmicrobial analysisphytotoxicityprincipal component analysis |
| spellingShingle | Min-Suk Kim Sang-Hwan Lee Hyun Park Jeong-Gyu Kim Evaluation of Two Amendments (Biochar and Acid Mine Drainage Sludge) on Arsenic Contaminated Soil Using Chemical, Biological, and Ecological Assessments Materials dissolved organic carbon microbial analysis phytotoxicity principal component analysis |
| title | Evaluation of Two Amendments (Biochar and Acid Mine Drainage Sludge) on Arsenic Contaminated Soil Using Chemical, Biological, and Ecological Assessments |
| title_full | Evaluation of Two Amendments (Biochar and Acid Mine Drainage Sludge) on Arsenic Contaminated Soil Using Chemical, Biological, and Ecological Assessments |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Two Amendments (Biochar and Acid Mine Drainage Sludge) on Arsenic Contaminated Soil Using Chemical, Biological, and Ecological Assessments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Two Amendments (Biochar and Acid Mine Drainage Sludge) on Arsenic Contaminated Soil Using Chemical, Biological, and Ecological Assessments |
| title_short | Evaluation of Two Amendments (Biochar and Acid Mine Drainage Sludge) on Arsenic Contaminated Soil Using Chemical, Biological, and Ecological Assessments |
| title_sort | evaluation of two amendments biochar and acid mine drainage sludge on arsenic contaminated soil using chemical biological and ecological assessments |
| topic | dissolved organic carbon microbial analysis phytotoxicity principal component analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/15/4111 |
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