Functions of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Plant Innate Immunity
An increase of cytosolic Ca2+ is generated by diverse physiological stimuli and stresses, including pathogen attack. Plants have evolved two branches of the immune system to defend against pathogen infections. The primary innate immune response is triggered by the detection of evolutionarily conserv...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2014-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/3/1/160 |
| _version_ | 1798027087301312512 |
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| author | Xiquan Gao Kevin L. Cox Jr. Ping He |
| author_facet | Xiquan Gao Kevin L. Cox Jr. Ping He |
| author_sort | Xiquan Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An increase of cytosolic Ca2+ is generated by diverse physiological stimuli and stresses, including pathogen attack. Plants have evolved two branches of the immune system to defend against pathogen infections. The primary innate immune response is triggered by the detection of evolutionarily conserved pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), which is called PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). The second branch of plant innate immunity is triggered by the recognition of specific pathogen effector proteins and known as effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is essential in both plant PTI and ETI responses. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have emerged as important Ca2+ sensor proteins in transducing differential Ca2+ signatures, triggered by PAMPs or effectors and activating complex downstream responses. CDPKs directly transmit calcium signals by calcium binding to the elongation factor (EF)-hand domain at the C-terminus and substrate phosphorylation by the catalytic kinase domain at the N-terminus. Emerging evidence suggests that specific and overlapping CDPKs phosphorylate distinct substrates in PTI and ETI to regulate diverse plant immune responses, including production of reactive oxygen species, transcriptional reprogramming of immune genes, and the hypersensitive response. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:45:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed847fe835914d8c890bcf3fc53eb38d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:45:46Z |
| publishDate | 2014-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed847fe835914d8c890bcf3fc53eb38d2022-12-22T04:08:50ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472014-03-013116017610.3390/plants3010160plants3010160Functions of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Plant Innate ImmunityXiquan Gao0Kevin L. Cox Jr.1Ping He2State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAAn increase of cytosolic Ca2+ is generated by diverse physiological stimuli and stresses, including pathogen attack. Plants have evolved two branches of the immune system to defend against pathogen infections. The primary innate immune response is triggered by the detection of evolutionarily conserved pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), which is called PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). The second branch of plant innate immunity is triggered by the recognition of specific pathogen effector proteins and known as effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is essential in both plant PTI and ETI responses. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have emerged as important Ca2+ sensor proteins in transducing differential Ca2+ signatures, triggered by PAMPs or effectors and activating complex downstream responses. CDPKs directly transmit calcium signals by calcium binding to the elongation factor (EF)-hand domain at the C-terminus and substrate phosphorylation by the catalytic kinase domain at the N-terminus. Emerging evidence suggests that specific and overlapping CDPKs phosphorylate distinct substrates in PTI and ETI to regulate diverse plant immune responses, including production of reactive oxygen species, transcriptional reprogramming of immune genes, and the hypersensitive response.http://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/3/1/160calcium-dependent protein kinasePAMP-triggered immunityeffector-triggered immunityphosphorylation |
| spellingShingle | Xiquan Gao Kevin L. Cox Jr. Ping He Functions of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Plant Innate Immunity Plants calcium-dependent protein kinase PAMP-triggered immunity effector-triggered immunity phosphorylation |
| title | Functions of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Plant Innate Immunity |
| title_full | Functions of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Plant Innate Immunity |
| title_fullStr | Functions of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Plant Innate Immunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functions of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Plant Innate Immunity |
| title_short | Functions of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Plant Innate Immunity |
| title_sort | functions of calcium dependent protein kinases in plant innate immunity |
| topic | calcium-dependent protein kinase PAMP-triggered immunity effector-triggered immunity phosphorylation |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/3/1/160 |
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