Surface modification and deuterium retention of tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloys exposed to deuterium plasma
Surface modification and deuterium (D) retention in pure tungsten (W) and tungsten-rhenium (W-Re) alloys with Re concentration of 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt.% were investigated after exposure to D plasma with an incident energy of 38 eV/D at about 400 K and various fluences ranging from 7.2 × 1023 to 2.6 × 1...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Nuclear Materials and Energy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179121001460 |
| _version_ | 1819102065326030848 |
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| author | Xuexi Zhang Li Qiao Hong Zhang Weizhi Yao Wenhao He Yuhong Li Peng Wang |
| author_facet | Xuexi Zhang Li Qiao Hong Zhang Weizhi Yao Wenhao He Yuhong Li Peng Wang |
| author_sort | Xuexi Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Surface modification and deuterium (D) retention in pure tungsten (W) and tungsten-rhenium (W-Re) alloys with Re concentration of 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt.% were investigated after exposure to D plasma with an incident energy of 38 eV/D at about 400 K and various fluences ranging from 7.2 × 1023 to 2.6 × 1025 D/m2. It is found that blistering depends strongly on the exposure fluence for both W and W-Re alloy samples. When the D fluence is higher than 2.8 × 1024 D/m2, the surface of W is covered by two types of blisters. One type is small blisters (<2 μm), which appeared in groups only on grains with surface orientation close to (111). The other type is large-sized (>8 μm) and extents over several grains. In the cases of W-Re alloys, only small blisters can be observed on their surface. The blisters on the surface of W-Re alloys preferentially appeared on grains with surface orientation close to (111). Cross-section views of blisters show that the blisters on W-Re alloys always originate from intra-granular cavities. The small and large blisters on W originate from intra- and inter-granular cavities, respectively. The surface blistering fluence threshold for W-Re alloys is lower than for W. For both types of materials, rupture of blisters occurs if the underlying crack reaches the surface at the edge of a blister. The number of ruptured blisters increases with increasing D fluence. TDS results show that there is an additional high-temperature peak at ∼ 800 K in W-Re alloys. The amount of D released from W and W-Re alloys increases with increasing D fluence. In addition, the accumulation of D in W-Re alloys is not noticeably influenced by the amount of Re doping at the exposure temperature of ∼ 400 K. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T01:28:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed854d6c5dfe439480ccdeedf5086327 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-1791 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T01:28:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nuclear Materials and Energy |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed854d6c5dfe439480ccdeedf50863272022-12-21T18:43:34ZengElsevierNuclear Materials and Energy2352-17912021-12-0129101079Surface modification and deuterium retention of tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloys exposed to deuterium plasmaXuexi Zhang0Li Qiao1Hong Zhang2Weizhi Yao3Wenhao He4Yuhong Li5Peng Wang6School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR ChinaInstitute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621908, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR ChinaSchool of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Corresponding authors.State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Corresponding authors.Surface modification and deuterium (D) retention in pure tungsten (W) and tungsten-rhenium (W-Re) alloys with Re concentration of 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt.% were investigated after exposure to D plasma with an incident energy of 38 eV/D at about 400 K and various fluences ranging from 7.2 × 1023 to 2.6 × 1025 D/m2. It is found that blistering depends strongly on the exposure fluence for both W and W-Re alloy samples. When the D fluence is higher than 2.8 × 1024 D/m2, the surface of W is covered by two types of blisters. One type is small blisters (<2 μm), which appeared in groups only on grains with surface orientation close to (111). The other type is large-sized (>8 μm) and extents over several grains. In the cases of W-Re alloys, only small blisters can be observed on their surface. The blisters on the surface of W-Re alloys preferentially appeared on grains with surface orientation close to (111). Cross-section views of blisters show that the blisters on W-Re alloys always originate from intra-granular cavities. The small and large blisters on W originate from intra- and inter-granular cavities, respectively. The surface blistering fluence threshold for W-Re alloys is lower than for W. For both types of materials, rupture of blisters occurs if the underlying crack reaches the surface at the edge of a blister. The number of ruptured blisters increases with increasing D fluence. TDS results show that there is an additional high-temperature peak at ∼ 800 K in W-Re alloys. The amount of D released from W and W-Re alloys increases with increasing D fluence. In addition, the accumulation of D in W-Re alloys is not noticeably influenced by the amount of Re doping at the exposure temperature of ∼ 400 K.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179121001460Surface modificationD retentionWW-Re alloysTDS |
| spellingShingle | Xuexi Zhang Li Qiao Hong Zhang Weizhi Yao Wenhao He Yuhong Li Peng Wang Surface modification and deuterium retention of tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloys exposed to deuterium plasma Nuclear Materials and Energy Surface modification D retention W W-Re alloys TDS |
| title | Surface modification and deuterium retention of tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloys exposed to deuterium plasma |
| title_full | Surface modification and deuterium retention of tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloys exposed to deuterium plasma |
| title_fullStr | Surface modification and deuterium retention of tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloys exposed to deuterium plasma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surface modification and deuterium retention of tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloys exposed to deuterium plasma |
| title_short | Surface modification and deuterium retention of tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloys exposed to deuterium plasma |
| title_sort | surface modification and deuterium retention of tungsten and tungsten rhenium alloys exposed to deuterium plasma |
| topic | Surface modification D retention W W-Re alloys TDS |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179121001460 |
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