The Epigenetic Modulation of Cancer and Immune Pathways in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Influence of HBx and miRNA Dysregulation
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) pathogenesis is fueled by persistent HBV infection that stealthily maintains a delicate balance between viral replication and evasion of the host immune system. HBV is remarkably adept at using a combination of both its own, as we...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.661204/full |
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| author | Kurt Sartorius Kurt Sartorius Kurt Sartorius Ping An Cheryl Winkler Anil Chuturgoon Xiaodong Li Xiaodong Li Julia Makarova Julia Makarova Anna Kramvis |
| author_facet | Kurt Sartorius Kurt Sartorius Kurt Sartorius Ping An Cheryl Winkler Anil Chuturgoon Xiaodong Li Xiaodong Li Julia Makarova Julia Makarova Anna Kramvis |
| author_sort | Kurt Sartorius |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) pathogenesis is fueled by persistent HBV infection that stealthily maintains a delicate balance between viral replication and evasion of the host immune system. HBV is remarkably adept at using a combination of both its own, as well as host machinery to ensure its own replication and survival. A key tool in its arsenal, is the HBx protein which can manipulate the epigenetic landscape to decrease its own viral load and enhance persistence, as well as manage host genome epigenetic responses to the presence of viral infection. The HBx protein can initiate epigenetic modifications to dysregulate miRNA expression which, in turn, can regulate downstream epigenetic changes in HBV-HCC pathogenesis. We attempt to link the HBx and miRNA induced epigenetic modulations that influence both the HBV and host genome expression in HBV-HCC pathogenesis. In particular, the review investigates the interplay between CHB infection, the silencing role of miRNA, epigenetic change, immune system expression and HBV-HCC pathogenesis. The review demonstrates exactly how HBx-dysregulated miRNA in HBV-HCC pathogenesis influence and are influenced by epigenetic changes to modulate both viral and host genome expression. In particular, the review identifies a specific subset of HBx induced epigenetic miRNA pathways in HBV-HCC pathogenesis demonstrating the complex interplay between HBV infection, epigenetic change, disease and immune response. The wide-ranging influence of epigenetic change and miRNA modulation offers considerable potential as a therapeutic option in HBV-HCC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T17:16:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed85685ea00d4f25ac69c704eb0caa27 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T17:16:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed85685ea00d4f25ac69c704eb0caa272022-12-21T19:32:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-04-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.661204661204The Epigenetic Modulation of Cancer and Immune Pathways in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Influence of HBx and miRNA DysregulationKurt Sartorius0Kurt Sartorius1Kurt Sartorius2Ping An3Cheryl Winkler4Anil Chuturgoon5Xiaodong Li6Xiaodong Li7Julia Makarova8Julia Makarova9Anna Kramvis10Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, School of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South AfricaDepartment of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaDepartment of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, Durban, South AfricaBasic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United StatesBasic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United StatesDiscipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaDepartment of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, RussiaHigher School of Economics University, Moscow, RussiaHepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, School of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South AfricaHepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) pathogenesis is fueled by persistent HBV infection that stealthily maintains a delicate balance between viral replication and evasion of the host immune system. HBV is remarkably adept at using a combination of both its own, as well as host machinery to ensure its own replication and survival. A key tool in its arsenal, is the HBx protein which can manipulate the epigenetic landscape to decrease its own viral load and enhance persistence, as well as manage host genome epigenetic responses to the presence of viral infection. The HBx protein can initiate epigenetic modifications to dysregulate miRNA expression which, in turn, can regulate downstream epigenetic changes in HBV-HCC pathogenesis. We attempt to link the HBx and miRNA induced epigenetic modulations that influence both the HBV and host genome expression in HBV-HCC pathogenesis. In particular, the review investigates the interplay between CHB infection, the silencing role of miRNA, epigenetic change, immune system expression and HBV-HCC pathogenesis. The review demonstrates exactly how HBx-dysregulated miRNA in HBV-HCC pathogenesis influence and are influenced by epigenetic changes to modulate both viral and host genome expression. In particular, the review identifies a specific subset of HBx induced epigenetic miRNA pathways in HBV-HCC pathogenesis demonstrating the complex interplay between HBV infection, epigenetic change, disease and immune response. The wide-ranging influence of epigenetic change and miRNA modulation offers considerable potential as a therapeutic option in HBV-HCC.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.661204/fullhepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinomaepigenetic modulationHBxmicroRNAimmunology |
| spellingShingle | Kurt Sartorius Kurt Sartorius Kurt Sartorius Ping An Cheryl Winkler Anil Chuturgoon Xiaodong Li Xiaodong Li Julia Makarova Julia Makarova Anna Kramvis The Epigenetic Modulation of Cancer and Immune Pathways in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Influence of HBx and miRNA Dysregulation Frontiers in Immunology hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma epigenetic modulation HBx microRNA immunology |
| title | The Epigenetic Modulation of Cancer and Immune Pathways in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Influence of HBx and miRNA Dysregulation |
| title_full | The Epigenetic Modulation of Cancer and Immune Pathways in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Influence of HBx and miRNA Dysregulation |
| title_fullStr | The Epigenetic Modulation of Cancer and Immune Pathways in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Influence of HBx and miRNA Dysregulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Epigenetic Modulation of Cancer and Immune Pathways in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Influence of HBx and miRNA Dysregulation |
| title_short | The Epigenetic Modulation of Cancer and Immune Pathways in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Influence of HBx and miRNA Dysregulation |
| title_sort | epigenetic modulation of cancer and immune pathways in hepatitis b virus associated hepatocellular carcinoma the influence of hbx and mirna dysregulation |
| topic | hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma epigenetic modulation HBx microRNA immunology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.661204/full |
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