Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Role of Metabolites and Genes in Modulating Flower Color of <i>Paphiopedilum micranthum</i>
Food-deceptive flowers primarily use visual signals (such as color) to mimic model plants and deceive insects into achieving pollination. <i>Paphiopedilum micranthum</i> is a food-deceptive orchid that has a pink labellum and two purple petals with a yellow base and has been proven to be...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/10/2058 |
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| author | Xinyan Deng Chao Hu Chengzhi Xie Aixian Lu Yibo Luo Tao Peng Weichang Huang |
| author_facet | Xinyan Deng Chao Hu Chengzhi Xie Aixian Lu Yibo Luo Tao Peng Weichang Huang |
| author_sort | Xinyan Deng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Food-deceptive flowers primarily use visual signals (such as color) to mimic model plants and deceive insects into achieving pollination. <i>Paphiopedilum micranthum</i> is a food-deceptive orchid that has a pink labellum and two purple petals with a yellow base and has been proven to be pollinated by bumblebees. However, the chemical and molecular bases of the floral color are not well understood. We conducted targeted metabolite profiling and transcriptomic analysis to determine the color signal and its genetic basis in <i>P. micranthum</i>. We found that both anthocyanins and carotenoids contribute significantly to the formation of floral color that determines the color signal. Higher concentrations of anthocyanins (cyanidin and peonidin) and carotenoids (primarily lutein and zeaxanthin) were detected in the petal compared to the labellum. The upregulation of structural genes of <i>CHS</i>, <i>F3</i>′<i>H</i>, <i>DFR</i> and <i>ANS</i> on the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in petals was identified, as well as three genes of <i>LCYE</i>, <i>BCH</i>, and <i>CCD4</i> on the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, we discovered that three <i>R2R3-MYBs</i> and one <i>bHLH</i> transcription factors were co-expressed with the expression of different genes. These genes and transcription factors may be responsible for the spatial color difference of <i>P. micranthum</i>. Our study emphasizes that the color of this food-deceptive orchids is achieved through specific genes and transcription factors associated with the pigment biosynthesis pathway. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:23:55Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:23:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed8e2bb5c07b4d47a068df39145aef1e2023-11-18T02:57:02ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-05-011210205810.3390/plants12102058Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Role of Metabolites and Genes in Modulating Flower Color of <i>Paphiopedilum micranthum</i>Xinyan Deng0Chao Hu1Chengzhi Xie2Aixian Lu3Yibo Luo4Tao Peng5Weichang Huang6School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaEastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, ChinaEastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, ChinaEastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaEastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, ChinaFood-deceptive flowers primarily use visual signals (such as color) to mimic model plants and deceive insects into achieving pollination. <i>Paphiopedilum micranthum</i> is a food-deceptive orchid that has a pink labellum and two purple petals with a yellow base and has been proven to be pollinated by bumblebees. However, the chemical and molecular bases of the floral color are not well understood. We conducted targeted metabolite profiling and transcriptomic analysis to determine the color signal and its genetic basis in <i>P. micranthum</i>. We found that both anthocyanins and carotenoids contribute significantly to the formation of floral color that determines the color signal. Higher concentrations of anthocyanins (cyanidin and peonidin) and carotenoids (primarily lutein and zeaxanthin) were detected in the petal compared to the labellum. The upregulation of structural genes of <i>CHS</i>, <i>F3</i>′<i>H</i>, <i>DFR</i> and <i>ANS</i> on the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in petals was identified, as well as three genes of <i>LCYE</i>, <i>BCH</i>, and <i>CCD4</i> on the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, we discovered that three <i>R2R3-MYBs</i> and one <i>bHLH</i> transcription factors were co-expressed with the expression of different genes. These genes and transcription factors may be responsible for the spatial color difference of <i>P. micranthum</i>. Our study emphasizes that the color of this food-deceptive orchids is achieved through specific genes and transcription factors associated with the pigment biosynthesis pathway.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/10/2058floral colorfloral signalanthocyanincarotenoidfood deceptionorchids |
| spellingShingle | Xinyan Deng Chao Hu Chengzhi Xie Aixian Lu Yibo Luo Tao Peng Weichang Huang Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Role of Metabolites and Genes in Modulating Flower Color of <i>Paphiopedilum micranthum</i> Plants floral color floral signal anthocyanin carotenoid food deception orchids |
| title | Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Role of Metabolites and Genes in Modulating Flower Color of <i>Paphiopedilum micranthum</i> |
| title_full | Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Role of Metabolites and Genes in Modulating Flower Color of <i>Paphiopedilum micranthum</i> |
| title_fullStr | Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Role of Metabolites and Genes in Modulating Flower Color of <i>Paphiopedilum micranthum</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Role of Metabolites and Genes in Modulating Flower Color of <i>Paphiopedilum micranthum</i> |
| title_short | Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Role of Metabolites and Genes in Modulating Flower Color of <i>Paphiopedilum micranthum</i> |
| title_sort | metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveal the role of metabolites and genes in modulating flower color of i paphiopedilum micranthum i |
| topic | floral color floral signal anthocyanin carotenoid food deception orchids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/10/2058 |
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