The patterns of soil nitrogen stocks and C  :  N stoichiometry under impervious surfaces in China
<p>Accurate assessment of soil nitrogen (N) storage and carbon (C) <span class="inline-formula">:</span> N stoichiometry under impervious surface areas (ISAs) is key to understanding the impact of urbanization on soil health and the N cycle. Based on 888 soil profiles fro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Earth System Science Data |
| Online Access: | https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/15/4599/2023/essd-15-4599-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797658471930265600 |
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| author | Q. Ding H. Shao C. Zhang C. Zhang C. Zhang X. Fang |
| author_facet | Q. Ding H. Shao C. Zhang C. Zhang C. Zhang X. Fang |
| author_sort | Q. Ding |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Accurate assessment of soil nitrogen (N) storage and carbon (C) <span class="inline-formula">:</span> N stoichiometry under impervious surface areas (ISAs) is key to understanding the impact of urbanization on soil health and the N cycle. Based on 888 soil profiles from 148 sampling sites in 41 cities across China, we estimated the country's N stock (100 cm depth) in the ISA soil to be <span class="inline-formula">98.74±59.13</span> Tg N with a mean N density (N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>ISA</sub></span>) of <span class="inline-formula">0.59±0.35</span> kg m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span>, which was significantly lower (at all depths) than the soil N density (N<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi/><mi mathvariant="normal">PSA</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.83</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.46</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="85pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="39ba625be25b7d390b579aaf302a72b9"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-15-4599-2023-ie00001.svg" width="85pt" height="12pt" src="essd-15-4599-2023-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> kg m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span>) under the reference permeable surface areas (PSAs). The N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>ISA</sub></span> was also only about 53 %–69 % of the reported national mean soil N density, indicating that ISA expansion caused soil N loss. The <span class="inline-formula">C:N</span> ratio of ISA (<span class="inline-formula">10.33±2.62</span>) was 26 %–34 % higher than that of natural ecosystems (forests, grasslands, etc.) but close to the <span class="inline-formula">C:N</span> of PSA. Moreover, there was a significant C–N correlation in ISA soil, showing no signs of C–N decoupling as suggested by the previous studies. The ISA had smaller variances in the <span class="inline-formula">C:N</span> ratio than did the PSA at regional scale, indicating convergence of soil <span class="inline-formula">C:N</span> stoichiometry due to ISA conversion. The eastern subregion of China had the highest N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>ISA</sub></span>, although its natural soil N density was among the lowest in the country. Unlike the vertical pattern in natural permeable soils, whose N density declined faster in the upper soil layers than in the lower layers, N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>ISA</sub></span> decreased linearly with depth. Similarly to natural soil N, N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>ISA</sub></span> was negatively correlated with temperature; but unlike natural soil <span class="inline-formula">C:N</span> which was positively correlated with temperature, the <span class="inline-formula">C:N</span><span class="inline-formula"><sub>ISA</sub></span> was negatively correlated with temperature. N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>ISA</sub></span> was not correlated with net primary productivity, but was significantly correlated with the soil N density of adjacent PSA and the urbanization rate. These findings indicate the ISA soil had a unique N distribution pattern, possibly as the result of intensive disturbances during land conversion. The dataset “Observations of soil nitrogen and soil organic carbon to soil nitrogen stoichiometry under the impervious surfaces areas (ISA) of China” is available from the National Cryosphere Desert Data Center (<a href="https://doi.org/10.12072/ncdc.socn.db2851.2023">https://doi.org/10.12072/ncdc.socn.db2851.2023</a>) (Ding et al., 2023).</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T17:59:30Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T17:59:30Z |
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| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
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| series | Earth System Science Data |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed8f8741514f4c2187c6ae614e05d97c2023-10-17T10:12:52ZengCopernicus PublicationsEarth System Science Data1866-35081866-35162023-10-01154599461210.5194/essd-15-4599-2023The patterns of soil nitrogen stocks and C  :  N stoichiometry under impervious surfaces in ChinaQ. Ding0H. Shao1C. Zhang2C. Zhang3C. Zhang4X. Fang5Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 270600, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 270600, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, ChinaResearch Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, ChinaXinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi, 830091, China<p>Accurate assessment of soil nitrogen (N) storage and carbon (C) <span class="inline-formula">:</span> N stoichiometry under impervious surface areas (ISAs) is key to understanding the impact of urbanization on soil health and the N cycle. Based on 888 soil profiles from 148 sampling sites in 41 cities across China, we estimated the country's N stock (100 cm depth) in the ISA soil to be <span class="inline-formula">98.74±59.13</span> Tg N with a mean N density (N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>ISA</sub></span>) of <span class="inline-formula">0.59±0.35</span> kg m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span>, which was significantly lower (at all depths) than the soil N density (N<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi/><mi mathvariant="normal">PSA</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.83</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.46</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="85pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="39ba625be25b7d390b579aaf302a72b9"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-15-4599-2023-ie00001.svg" width="85pt" height="12pt" src="essd-15-4599-2023-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> kg m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span>) under the reference permeable surface areas (PSAs). The N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>ISA</sub></span> was also only about 53 %–69 % of the reported national mean soil N density, indicating that ISA expansion caused soil N loss. The <span class="inline-formula">C:N</span> ratio of ISA (<span class="inline-formula">10.33±2.62</span>) was 26 %–34 % higher than that of natural ecosystems (forests, grasslands, etc.) but close to the <span class="inline-formula">C:N</span> of PSA. Moreover, there was a significant C–N correlation in ISA soil, showing no signs of C–N decoupling as suggested by the previous studies. The ISA had smaller variances in the <span class="inline-formula">C:N</span> ratio than did the PSA at regional scale, indicating convergence of soil <span class="inline-formula">C:N</span> stoichiometry due to ISA conversion. The eastern subregion of China had the highest N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>ISA</sub></span>, although its natural soil N density was among the lowest in the country. Unlike the vertical pattern in natural permeable soils, whose N density declined faster in the upper soil layers than in the lower layers, N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>ISA</sub></span> decreased linearly with depth. Similarly to natural soil N, N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>ISA</sub></span> was negatively correlated with temperature; but unlike natural soil <span class="inline-formula">C:N</span> which was positively correlated with temperature, the <span class="inline-formula">C:N</span><span class="inline-formula"><sub>ISA</sub></span> was negatively correlated with temperature. N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>ISA</sub></span> was not correlated with net primary productivity, but was significantly correlated with the soil N density of adjacent PSA and the urbanization rate. These findings indicate the ISA soil had a unique N distribution pattern, possibly as the result of intensive disturbances during land conversion. The dataset “Observations of soil nitrogen and soil organic carbon to soil nitrogen stoichiometry under the impervious surfaces areas (ISA) of China” is available from the National Cryosphere Desert Data Center (<a href="https://doi.org/10.12072/ncdc.socn.db2851.2023">https://doi.org/10.12072/ncdc.socn.db2851.2023</a>) (Ding et al., 2023).</p>https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/15/4599/2023/essd-15-4599-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Q. Ding H. Shao C. Zhang C. Zhang C. Zhang X. Fang The patterns of soil nitrogen stocks and C  :  N stoichiometry under impervious surfaces in China Earth System Science Data |
| title | The patterns of soil nitrogen stocks and C  :  N stoichiometry under impervious surfaces in China |
| title_full | The patterns of soil nitrogen stocks and C  :  N stoichiometry under impervious surfaces in China |
| title_fullStr | The patterns of soil nitrogen stocks and C  :  N stoichiometry under impervious surfaces in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | The patterns of soil nitrogen stocks and C  :  N stoichiometry under impervious surfaces in China |
| title_short | The patterns of soil nitrogen stocks and C  :  N stoichiometry under impervious surfaces in China |
| title_sort | patterns of soil nitrogen stocks and c thinsp thinsp n stoichiometry under impervious surfaces in china |
| url | https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/15/4599/2023/essd-15-4599-2023.pdf |
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