Commensal Microbiota Effects on Craniofacial Skeletal Growth and Morphology
ABSTRACT Microbes colonize anatomical sites in health to form commensal microbial communities (e.g., commensal gut microbiota, commensal skin microbiota, commensal oral microbiota). Commensal microbiota has indirect effects on host growth and maturation through interactions with the host immune syst...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-08-01
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| Series: | JBMR Plus |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10775 |
| _version_ | 1797739518012424192 |
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| author | Joy E. Gerasco Jessica D. Hathaway‐Schrader Nicole A. Poulides Matthew D. Carson Naoto Okhura Caroline Westwater Nan E. Hatch Chad M. Novince |
| author_facet | Joy E. Gerasco Jessica D. Hathaway‐Schrader Nicole A. Poulides Matthew D. Carson Naoto Okhura Caroline Westwater Nan E. Hatch Chad M. Novince |
| author_sort | Joy E. Gerasco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Microbes colonize anatomical sites in health to form commensal microbial communities (e.g., commensal gut microbiota, commensal skin microbiota, commensal oral microbiota). Commensal microbiota has indirect effects on host growth and maturation through interactions with the host immune system. The commensal microbiota was recently introduced as a novel regulator of skeletal growth and morphology at noncraniofacial sites. Further, we and others have shown that commensal gut microbes, such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), contribute to noncraniofacial skeletal growth and maturation. However, commensal microbiota effects on craniofacial skeletal growth and morphology are unclear. To determine the commensal microbiota's role in craniofacial skeletal growth and morphology, we performed craniometric and bone mineral density analyses on skulls from 9‐week‐old female C57BL/6T germ‐free (GF) mice (no microbes), excluded‐flora (EF) specific‐pathogen‐free mice (commensal microbiota), and murine‐pathogen‐free (MPF) specific‐pathogen‐free mice (commensal microbiota with SFB). Investigations comparing EF and GF mice revealed that commensal microbiota impacted the size and shape of the craniofacial skeleton. EF versus GF mice exhibited an elongated gross skull length. Cranial bone length analyses normalized to skull length showed that EF versus GF mice had enhanced frontal bone length and reduced cranial base length. The shortened cranial base in EF mice was attributed to decreased presphenoid, basisphenoid, and basioccipital bone lengths. Investigations comparing MPF mice and EF mice demonstrated that commensal gut microbes played a role in craniofacial skeletal morphology. Cranial bone length analyses normalized to skull length showed that MPF versus EF mice had reduced frontal bone length and increased cranial base length. The elongated cranial base in MPF mice was due to enhanced presphenoid bone length. This work, which introduces the commensal microbiota as a contributor to craniofacial skeletal growth, underscores that noninvasive interventions in the gut microbiome could potentially be employed to modify craniofacial skeletal morphology. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T13:58:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed8fda40def6439091058664c6bccdb9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2473-4039 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T13:58:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JBMR Plus |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed8fda40def6439091058664c6bccdb92023-08-22T11:14:27ZengWileyJBMR Plus2473-40392023-08-0178n/an/a10.1002/jbm4.10775Commensal Microbiota Effects on Craniofacial Skeletal Growth and MorphologyJoy E. Gerasco0Jessica D. Hathaway‐Schrader1Nicole A. Poulides2Matthew D. Carson3Naoto Okhura4Caroline Westwater5Nan E. Hatch6Chad M. Novince7Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USADepartment of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USADepartment of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USADepartment of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USADepartment of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USADepartment of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USADepartment of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USADepartment of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USAABSTRACT Microbes colonize anatomical sites in health to form commensal microbial communities (e.g., commensal gut microbiota, commensal skin microbiota, commensal oral microbiota). Commensal microbiota has indirect effects on host growth and maturation through interactions with the host immune system. The commensal microbiota was recently introduced as a novel regulator of skeletal growth and morphology at noncraniofacial sites. Further, we and others have shown that commensal gut microbes, such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), contribute to noncraniofacial skeletal growth and maturation. However, commensal microbiota effects on craniofacial skeletal growth and morphology are unclear. To determine the commensal microbiota's role in craniofacial skeletal growth and morphology, we performed craniometric and bone mineral density analyses on skulls from 9‐week‐old female C57BL/6T germ‐free (GF) mice (no microbes), excluded‐flora (EF) specific‐pathogen‐free mice (commensal microbiota), and murine‐pathogen‐free (MPF) specific‐pathogen‐free mice (commensal microbiota with SFB). Investigations comparing EF and GF mice revealed that commensal microbiota impacted the size and shape of the craniofacial skeleton. EF versus GF mice exhibited an elongated gross skull length. Cranial bone length analyses normalized to skull length showed that EF versus GF mice had enhanced frontal bone length and reduced cranial base length. The shortened cranial base in EF mice was attributed to decreased presphenoid, basisphenoid, and basioccipital bone lengths. Investigations comparing MPF mice and EF mice demonstrated that commensal gut microbes played a role in craniofacial skeletal morphology. Cranial bone length analyses normalized to skull length showed that MPF versus EF mice had reduced frontal bone length and increased cranial base length. The elongated cranial base in MPF mice was due to enhanced presphenoid bone length. This work, which introduces the commensal microbiota as a contributor to craniofacial skeletal growth, underscores that noninvasive interventions in the gut microbiome could potentially be employed to modify craniofacial skeletal morphology. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10775BONE–MICROBIOTA INTERACTORSCRANIOMETRYPRECLINICAL STUDIES |
| spellingShingle | Joy E. Gerasco Jessica D. Hathaway‐Schrader Nicole A. Poulides Matthew D. Carson Naoto Okhura Caroline Westwater Nan E. Hatch Chad M. Novince Commensal Microbiota Effects on Craniofacial Skeletal Growth and Morphology JBMR Plus BONE–MICROBIOTA INTERACTORS CRANIOMETRY PRECLINICAL STUDIES |
| title | Commensal Microbiota Effects on Craniofacial Skeletal Growth and Morphology |
| title_full | Commensal Microbiota Effects on Craniofacial Skeletal Growth and Morphology |
| title_fullStr | Commensal Microbiota Effects on Craniofacial Skeletal Growth and Morphology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Commensal Microbiota Effects on Craniofacial Skeletal Growth and Morphology |
| title_short | Commensal Microbiota Effects on Craniofacial Skeletal Growth and Morphology |
| title_sort | commensal microbiota effects on craniofacial skeletal growth and morphology |
| topic | BONE–MICROBIOTA INTERACTORS CRANIOMETRY PRECLINICAL STUDIES |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10775 |
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