Reference Array and Design Consideration for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope
We describe the process to design, architect, and implement a transformative enhancement of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). This program—the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT)—will form a networked global array of radio dishes capable of making high-fidelity real-time movies of super...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Galaxies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/11/5/107 |
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| author | Sheperd S. Doeleman John Barrett Lindy Blackburn Katherine L. Bouman Avery E. Broderick Ryan Chaves Vincent L. Fish Garret Fitzpatrick Mark Freeman Antonio Fuentes José L. Gómez Kari Haworth Janice Houston Sara Issaoun Michael D. Johnson Mark Kettenis Laurent Loinard Neil Nagar Gopal Narayanan Aaron Oppenheimer Daniel C. M. Palumbo Nimesh Patel Dominic W. Pesce Alexander W. Raymond Freek Roelofs Ranjani Srinivasan Paul Tiede Jonathan Weintroub Maciek Wielgus |
| author_facet | Sheperd S. Doeleman John Barrett Lindy Blackburn Katherine L. Bouman Avery E. Broderick Ryan Chaves Vincent L. Fish Garret Fitzpatrick Mark Freeman Antonio Fuentes José L. Gómez Kari Haworth Janice Houston Sara Issaoun Michael D. Johnson Mark Kettenis Laurent Loinard Neil Nagar Gopal Narayanan Aaron Oppenheimer Daniel C. M. Palumbo Nimesh Patel Dominic W. Pesce Alexander W. Raymond Freek Roelofs Ranjani Srinivasan Paul Tiede Jonathan Weintroub Maciek Wielgus |
| author_sort | Sheperd S. Doeleman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We describe the process to design, architect, and implement a transformative enhancement of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). This program—the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT)—will form a networked global array of radio dishes capable of making high-fidelity real-time movies of supermassive black holes (SMBH) and their emanating jets. This builds upon the EHT principally by deploying additional modest-diameter dishes to optimized geographic locations to enhance the current global mm/submm wavelength Very Long Baseline Interferometric (VLBI) array, which has, to date, utilized mostly pre-existing radio telescopes. The ngEHT program further focuses on observing at three frequencies simultaneously for increased sensitivity and Fourier spatial frequency coverage. Here, the concept, science goals, design considerations, station siting, and instrument prototyping are discussed, and a preliminary reference array to be implemented in phases is described. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:15:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ed9b6bac941e43e4ae25ae2ea0a487dd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4434 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:15:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Galaxies |
| spelling | doaj.art-ed9b6bac941e43e4ae25ae2ea0a487dd2023-11-16T10:28:55ZengMDPI AGGalaxies2075-44342023-10-0111510710.3390/galaxies11050107Reference Array and Design Consideration for the Next-Generation Event Horizon TelescopeSheperd S. Doeleman0John Barrett1Lindy Blackburn2Katherine L. Bouman3Avery E. Broderick4Ryan Chaves5Vincent L. Fish6Garret Fitzpatrick7Mark Freeman8Antonio Fuentes9José L. Gómez10Kari Haworth11Janice Houston12Sara Issaoun13Michael D. Johnson14Mark Kettenis15Laurent Loinard16Neil Nagar17Gopal Narayanan18Aaron Oppenheimer19Daniel C. M. Palumbo20Nimesh Patel21Dominic W. Pesce22Alexander W. Raymond23Freek Roelofs24Ranjani Srinivasan25Paul Tiede26Jonathan Weintroub27Maciek Wielgus28Center for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAMassachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory, 99 Millstone Road, Westford, MA 01886, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACalifornia Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAPerimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, CanadaCenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAMassachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory, 99 Millstone Road, Westford, MA 01886, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, SpainInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, SpainCenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAJoint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE), Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The NetherlandsInstituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58089, MexicoAstronomy Department, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, ChileDepartment of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAMax–Planck–Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyWe describe the process to design, architect, and implement a transformative enhancement of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). This program—the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT)—will form a networked global array of radio dishes capable of making high-fidelity real-time movies of supermassive black holes (SMBH) and their emanating jets. This builds upon the EHT principally by deploying additional modest-diameter dishes to optimized geographic locations to enhance the current global mm/submm wavelength Very Long Baseline Interferometric (VLBI) array, which has, to date, utilized mostly pre-existing radio telescopes. The ngEHT program further focuses on observing at three frequencies simultaneously for increased sensitivity and Fourier spatial frequency coverage. Here, the concept, science goals, design considerations, station siting, and instrument prototyping are discussed, and a preliminary reference array to be implemented in phases is described.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/11/5/107black holessupermassive black holesgeneral relativityinterferometryaccretionrelativistic jets |
| spellingShingle | Sheperd S. Doeleman John Barrett Lindy Blackburn Katherine L. Bouman Avery E. Broderick Ryan Chaves Vincent L. Fish Garret Fitzpatrick Mark Freeman Antonio Fuentes José L. Gómez Kari Haworth Janice Houston Sara Issaoun Michael D. Johnson Mark Kettenis Laurent Loinard Neil Nagar Gopal Narayanan Aaron Oppenheimer Daniel C. M. Palumbo Nimesh Patel Dominic W. Pesce Alexander W. Raymond Freek Roelofs Ranjani Srinivasan Paul Tiede Jonathan Weintroub Maciek Wielgus Reference Array and Design Consideration for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope Galaxies black holes supermassive black holes general relativity interferometry accretion relativistic jets |
| title | Reference Array and Design Consideration for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope |
| title_full | Reference Array and Design Consideration for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope |
| title_fullStr | Reference Array and Design Consideration for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reference Array and Design Consideration for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope |
| title_short | Reference Array and Design Consideration for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope |
| title_sort | reference array and design consideration for the next generation event horizon telescope |
| topic | black holes supermassive black holes general relativity interferometry accretion relativistic jets |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/11/5/107 |
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