Preparation a High-Performance of Gangue-Based Geopolymer Backfill Material: Recipes Optimization Using the Taguchi Method
The strip filling method in underground reservoir needs high strength to achieve the requirements of water storage. In order to address the challenges associated with costly and weak filling materials, this study aimed to develop an economically efficient and high-strength gangue-based geopolymer ba...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/15/5360 |
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| author | Sen Yang Hongguang Zhu Sen Pang Zaijie Ruan Sinuo Lin Yi Ding Pengpeng Cao Zhengyan Shen |
| author_facet | Sen Yang Hongguang Zhu Sen Pang Zaijie Ruan Sinuo Lin Yi Ding Pengpeng Cao Zhengyan Shen |
| author_sort | Sen Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The strip filling method in underground reservoir needs high strength to achieve the requirements of water storage. In order to address the challenges associated with costly and weak filling materials, this study aimed to develop an economically efficient and high-strength gangue-based geopolymer backfill material (GBGBM). To achieve this, the Taguchi method was employed to design a series of 25 experiments, each consisting of four factors and five levels. This study focused on investigating the effects of different gangue gradation levels, sand ratios, water binder ratios (w/b), and aggregate binder ratios (a/b) on the working characteristics and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the GBGBM. The optimal combination of the GBGBM was determined by employing a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)-based extreme difference and variance analysis. The results revealed that the w/b ratio exerted the most substantial influence on both the slump and UCS. Specifically, when employing a gradation of 50%, a sand ratio of 55%, an a/b ratio of 2.5, and a w/b ratio of 0.64, the slump measured 251.2 mm, the UCS at 3d reached 5.27 MPa, and the UCS at 28d amounted to 17.65 MPa. These findings indicated a remarkable improvement in early UCS by 131.14% and the late UCS by 49.45% compared to gangue-based cement backfill material (GBCBM). Additionally, this study examined the hydration products and microstructures of both GBGBM and GBCBM using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) analyses. Significantly, the GBGBM exhibited notable advantages over the GBCBM, including a 78.16% reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, a 73.45% decrease in energy consumption, and a 24.82% reduction in cost. These findings underscore the potential of GBGBM as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to GBCBM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:23:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-edb02894f61c45349728ba4020102f17 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:23:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-edb02894f61c45349728ba4020102f172023-11-18T23:12:16ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-07-011615536010.3390/ma16155360Preparation a High-Performance of Gangue-Based Geopolymer Backfill Material: Recipes Optimization Using the Taguchi MethodSen Yang0Hongguang Zhu1Sen Pang2Zaijie Ruan3Sinuo Lin4Yi Ding5Pengpeng Cao6Zhengyan Shen7School of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Building Research Institute Corporation Limited of CSCEC, Beijing 100076, ChinaSchool of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaThe strip filling method in underground reservoir needs high strength to achieve the requirements of water storage. In order to address the challenges associated with costly and weak filling materials, this study aimed to develop an economically efficient and high-strength gangue-based geopolymer backfill material (GBGBM). To achieve this, the Taguchi method was employed to design a series of 25 experiments, each consisting of four factors and five levels. This study focused on investigating the effects of different gangue gradation levels, sand ratios, water binder ratios (w/b), and aggregate binder ratios (a/b) on the working characteristics and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the GBGBM. The optimal combination of the GBGBM was determined by employing a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)-based extreme difference and variance analysis. The results revealed that the w/b ratio exerted the most substantial influence on both the slump and UCS. Specifically, when employing a gradation of 50%, a sand ratio of 55%, an a/b ratio of 2.5, and a w/b ratio of 0.64, the slump measured 251.2 mm, the UCS at 3d reached 5.27 MPa, and the UCS at 28d amounted to 17.65 MPa. These findings indicated a remarkable improvement in early UCS by 131.14% and the late UCS by 49.45% compared to gangue-based cement backfill material (GBCBM). Additionally, this study examined the hydration products and microstructures of both GBGBM and GBCBM using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) analyses. Significantly, the GBGBM exhibited notable advantages over the GBCBM, including a 78.16% reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, a 73.45% decrease in energy consumption, and a 24.82% reduction in cost. These findings underscore the potential of GBGBM as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to GBCBM.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/15/5360gangue-based geopolymer backfill materialworkabilitystrength behaviorTaguchi methodmicrostructure |
| spellingShingle | Sen Yang Hongguang Zhu Sen Pang Zaijie Ruan Sinuo Lin Yi Ding Pengpeng Cao Zhengyan Shen Preparation a High-Performance of Gangue-Based Geopolymer Backfill Material: Recipes Optimization Using the Taguchi Method Materials gangue-based geopolymer backfill material workability strength behavior Taguchi method microstructure |
| title | Preparation a High-Performance of Gangue-Based Geopolymer Backfill Material: Recipes Optimization Using the Taguchi Method |
| title_full | Preparation a High-Performance of Gangue-Based Geopolymer Backfill Material: Recipes Optimization Using the Taguchi Method |
| title_fullStr | Preparation a High-Performance of Gangue-Based Geopolymer Backfill Material: Recipes Optimization Using the Taguchi Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation a High-Performance of Gangue-Based Geopolymer Backfill Material: Recipes Optimization Using the Taguchi Method |
| title_short | Preparation a High-Performance of Gangue-Based Geopolymer Backfill Material: Recipes Optimization Using the Taguchi Method |
| title_sort | preparation a high performance of gangue based geopolymer backfill material recipes optimization using the taguchi method |
| topic | gangue-based geopolymer backfill material workability strength behavior Taguchi method microstructure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/15/5360 |
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