An Apoplastic Defensin of Wheat Elicits the Production of Extracellular Polysaccharides in Snow Mold
TAD1 (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> defensin 1) is a plant defensin specifically induced by low temperature in winter wheat. In this study, we demonstrated that TAD1 accumulated in the apoplast during cold acclimation and displayed antifungal activity against the pink snow mold fungi <i>...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1607 |
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| author | Ayako Isobe Chikako Kuwabara Michiya Koike Keita Sutoh Kentaro Sasaki Ryozo Imai |
| author_facet | Ayako Isobe Chikako Kuwabara Michiya Koike Keita Sutoh Kentaro Sasaki Ryozo Imai |
| author_sort | Ayako Isobe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | TAD1 (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> defensin 1) is a plant defensin specifically induced by low temperature in winter wheat. In this study, we demonstrated that TAD1 accumulated in the apoplast during cold acclimation and displayed antifungal activity against the pink snow mold fungi <i>Microdochium nivale</i>. When <i>M. nivale</i> was treated with TAD1, Congo red-stainable extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) were produced. The EPS were degradable by cellulase treatment, suggesting the involvement of β-1,4 glucans. Interestingly, when the fungus was treated with FITC-labeled TAD1, fluorescent signals were observed within the EPS layer. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that the EPS plays a role as a physical barrier against antimicrobial proteins secreted by plants. We anticipate that the findings from our study will have broad impact and will increase our understanding of plant–snow mold interactions under snow. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:27:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-edb47137a537470eb8878bdfe78225ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:27:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-edb47137a537470eb8878bdfe78225ab2023-11-22T09:18:51ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-08-01108160710.3390/plants10081607An Apoplastic Defensin of Wheat Elicits the Production of Extracellular Polysaccharides in Snow MoldAyako Isobe0Chikako Kuwabara1Michiya Koike2Keita Sutoh3Kentaro Sasaki4Ryozo Imai5Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, JapanHokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, JapanHokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, JapanHokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, JapanHokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, JapanHokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, JapanTAD1 (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> defensin 1) is a plant defensin specifically induced by low temperature in winter wheat. In this study, we demonstrated that TAD1 accumulated in the apoplast during cold acclimation and displayed antifungal activity against the pink snow mold fungi <i>Microdochium nivale</i>. When <i>M. nivale</i> was treated with TAD1, Congo red-stainable extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) were produced. The EPS were degradable by cellulase treatment, suggesting the involvement of β-1,4 glucans. Interestingly, when the fungus was treated with FITC-labeled TAD1, fluorescent signals were observed within the EPS layer. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that the EPS plays a role as a physical barrier against antimicrobial proteins secreted by plants. We anticipate that the findings from our study will have broad impact and will increase our understanding of plant–snow mold interactions under snow.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1607apoplastcold acclimationdefensinextracellular polysaccharideswheat |
| spellingShingle | Ayako Isobe Chikako Kuwabara Michiya Koike Keita Sutoh Kentaro Sasaki Ryozo Imai An Apoplastic Defensin of Wheat Elicits the Production of Extracellular Polysaccharides in Snow Mold Plants apoplast cold acclimation defensin extracellular polysaccharides wheat |
| title | An Apoplastic Defensin of Wheat Elicits the Production of Extracellular Polysaccharides in Snow Mold |
| title_full | An Apoplastic Defensin of Wheat Elicits the Production of Extracellular Polysaccharides in Snow Mold |
| title_fullStr | An Apoplastic Defensin of Wheat Elicits the Production of Extracellular Polysaccharides in Snow Mold |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Apoplastic Defensin of Wheat Elicits the Production of Extracellular Polysaccharides in Snow Mold |
| title_short | An Apoplastic Defensin of Wheat Elicits the Production of Extracellular Polysaccharides in Snow Mold |
| title_sort | apoplastic defensin of wheat elicits the production of extracellular polysaccharides in snow mold |
| topic | apoplast cold acclimation defensin extracellular polysaccharides wheat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1607 |
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