Hypertension in Children: Role of Obesity, Simple Carbohydrates, and Uric Acid
Over the past 60 years there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents, ranging from 4% in 1975 to 18% in 2016. Recent estimates indicate that overweight or obese children and adolescents are more than 340 million. Obesity is often associated with hyper...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00129/full |
| _version_ | 1811265041394040832 |
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| author | Antonina Orlando Emanuela Cazzaniga Marco Giussani Paola Palestini Simonetta Genovesi Simonetta Genovesi |
| author_facet | Antonina Orlando Emanuela Cazzaniga Marco Giussani Paola Palestini Simonetta Genovesi Simonetta Genovesi |
| author_sort | Antonina Orlando |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over the past 60 years there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents, ranging from 4% in 1975 to 18% in 2016. Recent estimates indicate that overweight or obese children and adolescents are more than 340 million. Obesity is often associated with hypertension, which is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Recent studies show that the presence of hypertension is a frequent finding in the pediatric age. Hypertensive children easily become hypertensive adults. This phenomenon contributes to increasing cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Primary hypertension is a growing problem especially in children and adolescents of western countries, largely because of its association with the ongoing obesity epidemic. Recently, it has been hypothesized that a dietary link between obesity and elevated blood pressure (BP) values could be simple carbohydrate consumption, particularly fructose, both in adults and in children. Excessive intake of fructose leads to increased serum uric acid (SUA) and high SUA values are independently associated with the presence of hypertension and weaken the efficacy of lifestyle modifications in children. The present review intends to provide an update of existing data regarding the relationship between BP, simple carbohydrates (particularly fructose), and uric acid in pediatric age. In addition, we analyze the national policies that have been carried out over the last few years, in order to identify the best practices to limit the socio-economic impact of the effects of excessive sugar consumption in children. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T20:15:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-edb6f2ce93d94aea8fbb8766c378d0f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T20:15:24Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-edb6f2ce93d94aea8fbb8766c378d0f32022-12-22T03:18:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652018-05-01610.3389/fpubh.2018.00129323611Hypertension in Children: Role of Obesity, Simple Carbohydrates, and Uric AcidAntonina Orlando0Emanuela Cazzaniga1Marco Giussani2Paola Palestini3Simonetta Genovesi4Simonetta Genovesi5Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyFamily Pediatrician, Azienda Sanitaria Locale della Provincia di Milano, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, ItalyOver the past 60 years there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents, ranging from 4% in 1975 to 18% in 2016. Recent estimates indicate that overweight or obese children and adolescents are more than 340 million. Obesity is often associated with hypertension, which is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Recent studies show that the presence of hypertension is a frequent finding in the pediatric age. Hypertensive children easily become hypertensive adults. This phenomenon contributes to increasing cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Primary hypertension is a growing problem especially in children and adolescents of western countries, largely because of its association with the ongoing obesity epidemic. Recently, it has been hypothesized that a dietary link between obesity and elevated blood pressure (BP) values could be simple carbohydrate consumption, particularly fructose, both in adults and in children. Excessive intake of fructose leads to increased serum uric acid (SUA) and high SUA values are independently associated with the presence of hypertension and weaken the efficacy of lifestyle modifications in children. The present review intends to provide an update of existing data regarding the relationship between BP, simple carbohydrates (particularly fructose), and uric acid in pediatric age. In addition, we analyze the national policies that have been carried out over the last few years, in order to identify the best practices to limit the socio-economic impact of the effects of excessive sugar consumption in children.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00129/fullobesitycardiovascular diseasehypertensionfructoseuric acid |
| spellingShingle | Antonina Orlando Emanuela Cazzaniga Marco Giussani Paola Palestini Simonetta Genovesi Simonetta Genovesi Hypertension in Children: Role of Obesity, Simple Carbohydrates, and Uric Acid Frontiers in Public Health obesity cardiovascular disease hypertension fructose uric acid |
| title | Hypertension in Children: Role of Obesity, Simple Carbohydrates, and Uric Acid |
| title_full | Hypertension in Children: Role of Obesity, Simple Carbohydrates, and Uric Acid |
| title_fullStr | Hypertension in Children: Role of Obesity, Simple Carbohydrates, and Uric Acid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hypertension in Children: Role of Obesity, Simple Carbohydrates, and Uric Acid |
| title_short | Hypertension in Children: Role of Obesity, Simple Carbohydrates, and Uric Acid |
| title_sort | hypertension in children role of obesity simple carbohydrates and uric acid |
| topic | obesity cardiovascular disease hypertension fructose uric acid |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00129/full |
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